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Class Content • Introduction to Cell Physiology • Types of Cells • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells • Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells • Cellular Compartments • Plasma Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nuclear Envelope • Nucleus: chromatin, nucleolus, pores • Other Membranes • Mitochondria: Energy Release (ATP), Heat Production • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Smooth = lipid synthesis • Rough = ribosomes (mRNA + proteins) = protein synthesis • Endosomes • Pinocytosis • Phagocytosis • Lysosome = digestion, hydrolytic enzymes • Golgi Complex: Separation and direction of synthesized molecules → secretion, lysosomes and cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membrane • Deposits: Glycogen, lipids, pigments (melanin, lipofuscin, tattoo) • Cytosol: water, ions, amino acids, enzymes, myofibrils, microtubules • Intracellular Environment • Extracellular Environment • Lipid Bilayer • Selective Permeability • Peroxisomes: Contains oxidative enzymes • Oxidation of fatty acids → cellular respiration (energy production) • Produces H2O2 → converted to H2O by the enzyme catalase • Cellular detoxification (e.g. alcohol) • Cytoskeleton: Maintains cell shape and position of components • Moves the cell • Displaces molecules