The Russian Revolution actually consists of several revolutions. The first Russian Revolution takes place in 1905. Tsar Nicholas II rules Russia, the economic situation in the country is bad. This results in conflicts and anti-government protests. The Tsar gives in and Russia gets a constitution that provides for a popular representation. The Duma is founded. However, power remains almost entirely in the hands of the Tsar. This is to change with the next revolution. The First World War rages. The supply situation is bad, whether at the front or in the Russian cities. In addition, the war is progressing slowly, and there are no victories. In 1917, Russia's troops are also war-weary. The result: workers' uprisings. The soldiers refuse to shoot at the insurgents, what's more: the soldiers join the insurgents. The Russian Revolution of 1917, the February Revolution, is in full swing. Tsar Nicholas II can no longer control the situation and abdicates. But this does not create a stable new power structure. Bourgeois forces, but also workers' and soldiers' councils (soviets) and communist forces fight for the newly available power. And this leads to the third Russian Revolution, the October Revolution of 1917. It is the hour of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov - better known as Lenin. The communist revolutionary leader is in exile in Switzerland. In 1917, the German Empire is interested in ending the war with Russia. Lenin is capable of doing this and so the German Reichsbahn brings him to Russia. The charismatic Lenin promises the Russian population justice and peace - and many believe him. In this way, Lenin transforms the former Russian Empire into the socialist Soviet Union. Whether this October Revolution was actually a revolution or more of a coup is still debated among historians today. 00:00 Intro 01:17 Chapter 1: Background 04:58 Chapter 2: 1905: The first revolution 07:12 Chapter 3: 1917: The February Revolution 12:04 Chapter 4: 1917: The October Revolution 15:59 Chapter 5: The consequences Sources: Enker, Benno: Lenin in the Russian Revolution, in: dekoder, 2017. Happel, Jörn: The fate of the revolution. Socialism, counter-revolution and the road to Stalinism, in: Haumann, Heiko (ed.): The Russian Revolution,2 Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 2016, pp. 119-138. Haumann, Heiko: Introduction, in: Haumann, Heiko (ed.): The Russian Revolution,2 Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 2016, pp. 13-16. Haumann, Heiko: Living environments in the Tsarist Empire. Causes of the revolution of 1917, in: Haumann, Heiko (ed.): The Russian Revolution,2 Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 2016, pp. 17-40. Hildermeier, Manfred: The Russian Revolution and its consequences, in: Politics and Contemporary History 34: Russian Revolution (2017), pp. 9-14. Kindler, Robert: October Revolution 1917, in: dekoder: 1917/2017 - 100 years of revolution, 2017 Makhotina, Ekaterina: Remembering the Russian Revolution in today's Russia, in: Politics and Contemporary History 34: Russian Revolution (2017), pp. 27-32. Schafroth, Anina: Alternative designs for a revolution in Russian society, in: Haumann, Heiko (ed.): The Russian Revolution,2 Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 2016, pp. 41-53. Schenk, Frithjof Benjamin: The February Revolution, in: dekoder: 1917/2917 – 100 Years of Revolution, 2017. Smith, Steven A.: The Russian Revolution, Stuttgart 2011. Stevenson, David: 1917. War, Peace, and Revolution, Oxford 2017. Surh, Gerald: 1905 in St. Petersburg: Labor, Society and Revolution, Stanford 1989. Swain, Geoffrey: The Russian Revolution, London/New York 2017. https://www.dekoder.org/de/article/ge... https://www.dekoder.org/de/article/de... https://www.dekoder.org/de/gnose/erst... https://www.dekoder.org/de/gnose/frau... https://www.dekoder.org/de/gnose/leni... https://www1.wdr.de/stichtag/stichtag... https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/e... Feel free to check out Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mrwissen2go... We belong to #terraX and #funk Be sure to check it out: Terra X: https://terra-x.zdf.de/#xtor=CS3-158 Terra X on YouTube: / @terraxhistory funk: https://www.funk.net/ funk on Youtube: / funkofficial Web-App: https://go.funk.net A production of objektiv media GmbH for funk: Moderation: Mirko Drotschmann Author: Andrea Lorenz Producer: Andrea Lorenz; Daniela Ssymank Editor (OM): Inga Haupt Postproduction: Motion Design: Rainer Düring Editing: Christian Wischnewski ZDF: Volker Erbert, Nicole Valenzuela