What is a murmur? Blood circulates by flowing in the veins and the heart. This blood flow has a certain speed and in order to maintain this speed, the inside of the vein and the inside of the heart have a smooth and perfect dynamic structure. If the blood speed changes or the flow pattern changes, the enzymes that cause clotting in the blood are activated and the blood clots in the vein. Complaints begin where the blood clots. In this flawless circulation, while the blood normally flows STRAIGHT, it creates a VIRTUOUS current when it passes through an inappropriate place. While the blood does not make a sound when it flows straight, the vortex current naturally makes a different SOUND as it rubs against the surrounding structures. This sound is rarely heard with our naked ear, but it is mainly heard with the stethoscope device that the doctor puts in the ear. This sound is called a MURMURF. Murmurs are often seen in 2 places: 1. Inside the vein 2. Inside the heart Murmurs inside the vein: 1. Vascular occlusion 2. Vascular dilatation (aneurysm) 3. Inappropriate connections of two separate veins For example, if the patient has an aneurysm, that is, an enlargement of the abdominal artery (aorta), or if the patient has swelling in the groin after having an angiogram and there is a vasodilation there, if the doctor places the earphone device on the patient's abdomen or groin area, he/she will hear a murmur. In other words, there is a problem in the veins below the place where the murmur is heard. Murmurs are also heard in large veins with vascular occlusion. If the occlusion is in a small vein and especially if the occlusion is COMPLETE, no murmur is heard because a blood flow with impaired normal flow is required for a murmur to be heard. The connections of two veins that do not normally occur but are seen later or during birth also cause a murmur. For example, in kidney failure, FISTULAS opened in the arms or legs cause a murmur as blood passes through them. These fistulas do not only occur when a doctor does them. Sometimes, they occur between an artery and a vein that are next to each other but carry different blood, especially as a result of sharp object injuries such as knives or bullets. In this case, clean blood passing through the artery with higher pressure passes through the fistula to the adjacent vein. Thus, the blood returns to the heart via a shortcut and the heart is exposed to more blood than necessary and works faster. In this case, the patient feels palpitations. If this fistula is not treated for a long time, heart failure occurs and this condition is called TACHYCARDIA FAILURE. Murmurs in the heart: But when it comes to murmurs, the murmurs heard in the heart are the ones that come to mind. Murmurs heard in the heart occur in the following diseases: 1. Valve diseases 2. Heart holes 3. Heart tumors and cancers Do not be afraid right away, there are also INNOCENT MURMURS. A murmur can be heard in the heart without any structural problem. For example, a murmur can be heard in the heart in thyroid diseases, in cases of extreme anemia and in the use of some drugs that accelerate circulation. The important issue is the murmurs seen in structural diseases of the heart. A murmur can be seen in the 4 valves in the heart in valve diseases. These valves are: 1. Aortic valve 2. Mitral valve 3. Pulmonary valve 4. Tricuspid valve A murmur is heard in stenosis and/or insufficiency of these four valves. Sometimes this problem occurs in one valve and sometimes in more than one valve. Both stenosis and insufficiency can be seen in the same valve at the same time. There are 2 types of heart holes: 1. The hole between the atria of the heart, i.e. ASD 2. The hole between the ventricles of the heart, i.e. VSD