https://www.drtaneryavuz.com/pulmoner... Hello, I am talking about a common congenital heart disease, congenital pulmonary stenosis (pulmonary stenosis), which is treated with a cardiac balloon, on our YouTube Channel Hasta Okulu Tv. Enjoy watching. Stay with us, stay up to date ❤️ Prof. Dr. Taner Yavuz Istanbul Pediatric Cardiology Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the valve of the artery that goes from the heart to the lungs, the pulmonary vein, above or below. Congenital pulmonary stenosis is a health problem that occurs from birth. This problem occurs while the baby is still developing in the womb. What Causes Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis? The pulmonary valve is made up of three thin pieces of tissue called leaflets. With each heartbeat, the valve opens to direct blood to the pulmonary artery and lungs, and then closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis occurs because this valve does not develop properly during fetal development, that is, while still in the womb. One or more of the leaflets may be defective or too thick. Or they may not be properly separated from each other, that is, they may be attached. The valve cannot open properly and prevents blood flow. Babies with congenital pulmonary stenosis usually have other congenital heart diseases. It is not known what causes the stenosis in the valve. The disease is not caused by something the mother did or did not do during pregnancy, so it cannot be prevented. Pulmonary Stenosis Symptoms Clinical findings vary greatly depending on the severity of the stenosis. In mild stenosis, there are no symptoms even in adulthood. Sometimes, the stenosis is so severe that it causes heart failure even in the unborn baby. In severe pulmonary stenosis, the symptoms in children and infants are as follows: The baby has difficulty sucking and gets tired early They breathe frequently and sweat a lot. In older children, the symptoms first appear during exercise: Shortness of breath with exertion Early fatigue Chest pain Darkening of the eyes and fainting are noticeable. Pulmonary Stenosis Diagnosis Congenital Pulmonary stenosis can also be detected before birth. Fetal echocardiography (also called fetal echo) is used to diagnose heart problems. A moving image of the heart is obtained using sound waves with a fetal echo. In this way, we learn about the anatomy and function of the baby's heart while we are still in the womb. Pulmonary stenosis is usually diagnosed in childhood. The most important finding that starts the diagnostic process is hearing a murmur during a doctor's examination. Echo is sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Pulmonary Stenosis Treatment Mild stenosis usually has a good course and usually does not progress. Moderate and severe stenosis is progressive and needs to be treated. Balloon Treatment Stenosis is treated with a balloon. With balloon treatment, pulmonary stenosis is performed with a catheter without surgery. Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty is a minimally invasive treatment method in which a balloon is advanced from the heart to the pulmonary valve and inflated. The expansion of the balloon forces the valve to open. One of the consequences of balloon treatment of pulmonary stenosis is the development of leakage in the pulmonary valve. This is called pulmonary insufficiency or pulmonary regurgitation. Some of the blood pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery flows back into the right ventricle. The negative effects of this on the heart can only be seen after a very long time. In special cases where surgery balloon cannot be applied, pulmonary stenosis is treated surgically. In surgical treatment, the pulmonary valve is repaired or replaced with an artificial valve. The success of the treatment is quite high and individuals with pulmonary stenosis are expected to live a normal life. You will find answers to many questions when you watch the entire video. Enjoy watching. Stay with us, stay up to date ❤️ Prof. Dr. Taner Yavuz Istanbul Pediatric Cardiology