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Reconstructing past climate variations: What impacts on human societies? Conference by Clément Lambert, research professor at the Géo-Océan laboratory at the Université Bretagne Sud. The climate has changed throughout the history of the Earth and has led to profound environmental changes. Many geological and sedimentological archives keep traces of these changes. Paleoclimatology is the science that studies past climates and their succession over time by trying to understand their evolution and the mechanisms underlying their variations. Since the appearance of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, our geological period has seen the evolution of our modern societies whose vulnerability to hazards continues to increase. What have been the impact of past climate variations on the evolution of human societies?