https://www.drtaneryavuz.com/aort-ste... Hello, now I am talking about congenital stenosis of the artery coming out of the heart, aortic stenosis, in other words, aortic valve stenosis, on our YouTube Channel Hasta Okulu Tv. Enjoy watching. Stay with us, stay updated ❤️ Prof. Dr. Taner Yavuz Istanbul Pediatric Cardiology What is Congenital Aortic Stenosis? The main function of our heart is to pump blood to our body. There are four valves in our heart. The valves consist of 2 or 3 leaflets. The valve leaflets control the blood flow in our heart by opening and closing like a door in a house. Aortic stenosis, in other words aortic stenosis, is usually at the valve level (. However, stenosis can sometimes be above (supravalvular) or below (subvalvular) the valve. The most common type of aortic stenosis is the valve's own valve stenosis, which is called aortic valve stenosis. The normal aortic valve contains 3 thin and flexible leaflets. When the left ventricle sends blood to the aorta, the normal aortic valve leaflets easily separate from each other and do not obstruct the blood flow from the heart. Valve stenosis is usually together with bicuspid aortic valve anomaly. Bicuspid aortic valve anomaly is when the valve has 2 leaflets instead of 3. In this anomaly, the valve is thickened and its flexibility is reduced. The valve leaflets are combined and adhered to each other to varying degrees. The aortic valve cannot open easily and the left ventricle has to make more effort to pump blood into the aorta. The heart's workload increases and the walls of the left ventricle and ventricle thicken. The heart muscle thickens. hypertrophy occurs. Hypertrophy is a process that develops over time. Hypertrophy itself usually does not cause problems, but hypertrophy is a sign that the patient has severe aortic stenosis. Aortic Stenosis Symptoms Children with aortic stenosis usually do not show symptoms, the first thing to notice is a murmur. In severe aortic stenosis, the symptoms start early and are noticed during the newborn period. However, if the stenosis is severe, even the unborn baby develops heart failure. In older children, chest pain, dizziness and fainting are important symptoms during exercise. In severe aortic stenosis, there is a risk of sudden death during exercise. Diagnosis Auscultation Aortic stenosis is usually noticed by hearing a murmur. The murmur heard in aortic stenosis is a loud sound made by blood passing through the narrowed valve. ECG ECG is normal in mild and moderate stenosis. In severe aortic stenosis, the ECG shows left ventricular thickening and loading. ECHO Echocardiography is diagnostic of aortic stenosis. Echocardiography, abbreviated as echo, is the most important test used to detect and measure aortic stenosis. With echo, we definitely document that the stenosis is at the valve level. We can also measure the degree of stenosis. Echocardiography also plays an important role in excluding other problems that may occur with aortic stenosis, such as left heart failure, aortic coarctation, ventricular septal defect and mitral valve stenosis. Exercise ECG Test Exercise test provides information about the effect of aortic stenosis on heart functions in children under real-life conditions. Abnormal ECG changes may be seen during exercise in patients with severe aortic stenosis. We decide whether treatment is necessary by considering the findings in the exercise test. Fetal ECHO Severe aortic stenosis in the baby in the womb can be detected with fetal echo. The level of stenosis can be measured using the Doppler technique in fetal echo. Aortic Stenosis Treatment Mild aortic stenosis is not treated, but aortic stenosis may progress. Aortic stenosis that begins in childhood may require treatment in adulthood. Patients with severe aortic stenosis undergo catheter balloon treatment or surgery. Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty Treatment Stenosis is treated with a balloon. Pulmonary stenosis is eliminated with a catheter in balloon treatment, and open heart surgery is not required. Aortic balloon valvuloplasty is a minimally invasive treatment method in which a balloon is advanced from the aorta to the valve and inflated, causing little damage to the body. The expansion of the balloon forces the valve to open. Surgery In special cases where a balloon cannot be applied, aortic stenosis is treated with surgery. Surgical treatment, namely valvotomy, is an open heart surgery and the adhesions of the valves are opened and the stenosis is eliminated. In some patients, there is aortic insufficiency in addition to valve stenosis. In some patients, the valve must be replaced. Patients with mechanical valves use blood thinners for life. No treatment can restore the valve to a normal structure. However, it eliminates the risk of life by reducing the stenosis. In some patients who undergo balloon treatment due to structural defects in the valve, stenosis may recur. Therefore, all patients with aortic stenosis