????This podcast is 100% independent, to help us make it sustainable, it's here ???? https://fr.tipeee.com/circular-metabo... In this episode, we will explore how humanity has completely changed its environment over the last 12,000 years, and how these changes have impacted us in return. We will study how human societies in the Americas, Europe and China have transformed during 4 major periods of history: The Neolithic, the Age of Empires, Modernity, and the Great Acceleration. What are the key elements that have caused our societies to tip over, sometimes to the point of collapse? What does the past teach us to face current and future crises? Laurent Testot is a science journalist and specialist in global history (see some of his works below). SUMMARY 00:00:00 Introduction 00:04:06 Classical History vs. Global History 00:13:36 Disagreements between global histories ???? PERIOD 1 (from -10000 to -4000) 00:15:28 1st period: The Neolithic 00:26:44 Agriculture and domestication 00:29:31 Agriculture and sedentarization 00:36:06 Agriculture and demography ???? PERIOD 2 (from -3000 to 500) 00:39:11 2nd period: The empires 00:39:28 Arrival of metallurgy 00:47:20 Metallurgy and deforestation 00:53:35 Empires and universal religions 01:07:20 First great cities ???? PERIOD 3 (from -10000 to -4000) 00:15:28 1st period: The Neolithic 00:26:44 Agriculture and domestication 00:29:31 Agriculture and sedentarization 00:36:06 Agriculture and demography ???? PERIOD 4 (from -3000 to -500) 00:39:11 2nd period: The empires 00:39:28 Arrival of metallurgy 00:47:20 Metallurgy and deforestation 00:53:35 Empires and universal religions 01:07:20 First great cities ???? PERIOD 5 (from -10000 to -4000) 00:15:28 1st period: The Neolithic 00:26:44 Agriculture and domestication 00:29:31 Agriculture and sedentarization 00:36:06 Agriculture and demography ???? PERIOD 6 (from -3000 1500 to 1900) 01:08:11 3rd period: Modernity 01:09:36 Colonization and European domination 01:15:18 European domination and trade 01:21:10 European domination and conquest of the oceans 01:24:34 Europe vs. China 01:28:47 Fossil fuels and the industrial revolution ????PERIOD 4 (from 1950 to today) 01:36:13 4th period: The great acceleration Conclusion: 01:52:05 What avenues does global history open up? 02:01:25 Episode summary ???? REFERENCES AND KEY IDEAS Books by Laurent Testot cited: • Cataclysmes (2017) • Les forêts (2024) • Homo Canis (2018) Other books: • The Rise of the West, McNeill • In the Beginning Was... Graeber & Wengrow • 1177 BC, the Year Civilisation Collapsed, Cline • Zomia, Scott • Tropical Genocides, Davis • The End of the Megamachine, Scheidler • The Intertwining of the World, Stanziani • Structure of World History, Karatani • Human Versus Nature, Headrick • Man and Nature, Chansigaud Principles of global history: • Large periods • Large distances • Transdisciplinary • Multi-scales What global history shows: • Nothing is determined • Humans are creative in any context • There are multiple solutions People cited: • William McNeill • Alfred Crosby • Yuval N. Harari • David Graeber • Jared Diamond • Ian Morris • Fernand Braudel • Immanuel Wallerstein • Philippe Beaujard • David Wengrow • James C. Scott • Fabrice Desjours • Kenneth Pomeranz • Samir Amin • Andreas Malm ???? Interview: Aristide Athanassiadis ????️ Editing: https://codexprod.fr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ???? LINKS TO THE PODCAST ???? Newsletter: https://www.circularmetabolism.com/ ???? Youtube: • Les 4 fois où l'Humanité a Basculé - ... ???? iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/be/podcast... ???? Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/13qH9Oj... ???? Tipeee: https://fr.tipeee.com/circular-metabo... FOLLOW US on social networks Linkedin: / circular-metabolism-podcast Twitter: / arisatha Instagram: / circularmetabolismpodcast