Sadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ibrahim Qawam Shirazi (1640-1571 AD) (1045-979 AH) or Mullah Sadra and Sadr al-Mutalahin mulla sadra is a sage and an Iranian philosopher of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. His works can be considered as a combination of a thousand years of Islamic thought before his time. Many scientific centers in the cities of Iran and the world and the names of some streets in cities such as Shiraz, Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Qazvin and Yazd are named after this philosopher. Sources: History of Eastern Philosophy written by Dr. Asghar Halabi, a part of Dr. Dinani's speech, a part of the book Asfar written by Mulla Sadra, consultation with philosophy professors and some clerics He passed away, but according to the notes of his grandson named Muhammad Alam Al-Hadi (son of Faiz Kashani), the correct year of his death was 1045 lunar year (1635 AD), and the sudden break and incompleteness of some of his writings, such as the interpretation of the Qur'an and the description of the principles of Kafi by (Sheikh Kilini) Around 1044 lunar year (1634 AD), it confirms this claim. Mulla Sadra died in Basra, but according to Shia tradition, he was taken to Najaf, and according to his grandson, Alam Al-Hadi, he was buried on the left side of Ali bin Abi Talib's shrine. Philosophy: Mulla Sadra's school, which is called transcendental wisdom, is based on the principle of "existence" and its distinction from "essence". According to his point of view, the most obvious problem of the world is the problem of existence, which we have understood with our present knowledge and internal perception and we do not need to prove it. But nature is what causes diversity and multiplicity of phenomena and gives a special shape to every being. All the phenomena of the world have a common principle which is called "existence" and existence is unique; Because it originates from the Creator (that is, the One God), but the characteristics of each of these phenomena indicate the difference between their nature and essence; Therefore, the point of view is the principle of the existence of objects, and the nature is considered the effect of existence. Mulla Sadra, in opposition to his teacher Mirdamad, who himself was a follower of Suhravardi, claimed that "existence" is a real thing and nature is a matter of validity. Sadra also presented a new theory about motion, which is known as the fundamental motion. Until then, all the Muslim philosophers believed in the existence of motion in the nine categories of appearances and considered motion to be essentially impossible. But Sadra also believed in movement in the essence and succeeded in bringing together four streams of thought, namely theology, mysticism, Plato's philosophy and Aristotle's philosophy, and created a new and independent philosophical system. Important: (This video is only the text of the book and we do not have any philosophical, religious or political bias and no interference has been done) Link to the video related to Bertrand Russell's biography and philosophy • History of philosophy: Bertrand's life and philosophy... Other Don't miss the videos