How did we explore the cosmos? How did it all start? What equipment did early astronomers use to explain to us the principles of how the night sky works? Dr. hab. Leszek Błaszkiewicz will talk about all this in today's episode of POP Science. 0:10 Introduction 0:34 What was the space once studied with 1:21 Observations 2:01 A few words about astronomy 7:04 Did early observers believe that the planets were gods? 10:00 Religion and science - is the world ruled by gods? 12:33 Ancient Rome - technical approach and the “Dark Ages” 13:12 The development of astronomy in Arab countries 13:58 The Enlightenment was the beginning of astrology (astrology is not astronomy) 15:15 What did Copernicus study? 16:40 album “Copernicus” by Przemysław Rudź, Robert Szaj 21:29 vinyl record “Music For Stargazing” P. Rudź 23:31 What did Galileo investigate and what did he notice? 24:24 Telescope 29:44 Jan Heweliusz and his amazing eyesight 33:58 The longest instrument in history 34:30 How does a telescope work? Accommodation of the eye 40:39 Do star have colors? 43:29 Why did Heweliusz have the longest telescope? 45:36 Isaac Newton's breakthrough invention (refractor vs. reflector) 48:43 Newton's prism - dispersion of light 48:56 PINK FLOYD vinyl record “Dark Side Of The Moon” 50:22 William Herschel and infrared radiation 51:45 Fraunhofer lines 52:29 Spectroscopy 53:44 Absorption lines vs. emission lines 57:08 Astronomers' secret recipe - spectral types - Anna Jump Cannon 59:12 William Parsons - Rosse's telescope called Leviathan 1:00:22 Messier's catalog 1:00:52 Islands vinyl record - King Crimson 1:02:30 Refractors 1:04:02 Telescope in Toruń - Schmidt camera 1:04:47 Hooker's hundred-inch telescope English: 1:05:04 Edwin Hubble- Cepheids and Expanding Galaxies 1:05:58 The Doppler Effect 1:09:37 Why do stars twinkle? 1:11:26 Today's largest telescopes 1:12:47 Resolving technologies: active and adaptive 1:14:41 PINK FLOYD album “Ummagumma” - “Astronomy Domina” 1:16:00 Isao Tomita's album “Cosmos” 1:17:06 Karl Guthe Janksy and Radio Radiation in Space 1:19:27 The Chinese FAST Telescope 1:21:10 Telescopes and Detectors 1:24:00 Sir Martin Ryle's Technology 1:29:24 If We Send a Telescope Thousands of Light-Years Away, Would We Observe Life on Earth? English: 1:33:02 book Carl Sagan “Contact” 1:34:39 Atmosphere and Cherenkov light 1:40:05 Solar telescopes and the spectrum of the Sun 1:40:27 Neutrino Observatory 1:43:34 book “Głos Pana” Stanisław Lem 1:44:41 book “Gwiazdozbiór psa” Peter Heller 1:46:38 Gravitational waves 1:49:34 Cosmic microwave radiation 1:50:34 Summary and what's next? 1:51:38 vinyl records Vangelis “Nocturne: The piano album” and Clint Mansell “Out Of Blue” 1:54:29 End of the episode ???? Join the Astrofaza CREW! ⤵️ ❤️ Become a Patron and join a closed Facebook group with faster access to some content and many additional bonuses. ✔️ Patrons also gain access to additional content for supporters from the Senior Officer threshold (PLN 9.99). ????PATRONITE - http://patronite.pl/astrofaza More details on the profile in the link. ❤️ Join the Supporters on YouTube. In a special section for supporters you will find additional materials available only to them: ✔️ episode expansions, ✔️ additional live streams, ✔️ behind the scenes materials and hidden posts. ✔️ And as the icing on the cake: a badge with the Astrofaza logo next to your nickname in the comments and the ability to use special Astrofaza emojis! ???? / @astrofaza ❤️ T-SHIRTS, SWEATSHIRTS, PILLOWS, MUGS and other Astrofaza gadgets in AstroSzop. If you want an astrophase gadget, it will also help us develop our channel ???? http://astroszop.pl​ ???? Still not enough Astrophase? Be sure to check out our social media! ???? ✔️ INSTAGRAM - More behind the scenes materials and Astrophase more privately ➡️ / astrofaza.pl​ ✔️ DISCORD - Astrophase place for cosmically crazy people. You can't help but check it out! ➡️ / discord ✔️ ASTROMISIE Group - Talk to the rest of the crew ➡️ / astromisie ✔️ Command center - http://astrofaza.pl​​ ✔️ ASTROFAZA'S SECOND CHANNEL - / astrochillout​​ ⚠️ If you like it, don't forget to like and sub if you haven't already. ⚠️ And if you're already subscribed and don't want to miss new videos, click the bell next to the subscribe button. You can also click below: ➡️ http://youtube.com/c/astrofaza?sub_co... THANKS AND HAVE A NICE FLIGHT!???? ???? TEAM ???? - host: Piotr Kosek - photos and editing: Kamil Ziółkowski - Table of contents: Paulina Izydorska The Astrofaza channel is the largest channel in Poland, whose topics are space, astronomy and future technologies. Here you can also watch our popular science program POP Science with dr hab. Leszek Błaszkiewicz, in which we discuss topics such as: Aliens and alien civilizations, grandfather's paradox and time travel, faster-than-light travel, etc. We invite you! #popscience #astrofaza