Norbert Lampert was born in 1935 in Warsaw. After the outbreak of World War II, his father left for Vilnius, then to Kaunas. Lampert, his mother and grandparents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In the summer of 1942, the family moved to the so-called "shop" at 28 Nalewki Street, and then his mother and Norbert left the ghetto. They hid in Zygmunt Laskowski's apartment at Mokotowska Street, then in an apartment at 3 Maja Street. Norbert's mother returned to the ghetto, where she died. The interviewee was cared for by Władysława Schultz in Warsaw, then in the Malinówka estate near Małkinia Górna. After the Red Army occupied Warsaw, Lampert settled in Warsaw, where he was found by his uncle. In 1946, Lampert emigrated to Germany, and since 1949 he has lived in Israel. INTERVIEWEE'S NAME: Norbert Lampert INTERVIEWEE'S BIOGRAPHY AND DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE TOPICS: https://sztetl.org.pl/pl/historia-mow... INTERVIEW BY: Magdalena Wójcik RECORDING: Piotr Boruszkowski DATE OF RECORDING: 22/04/2013 COPYRIGHT TO THE RECORDING: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS: 00:00:03 – First and last name, post-war fate of the interlocutor. 00:01:11 – Parents and grandparents, places of origin, occupation, place of residence. 00:06:25 – Family's attitude towards Judaism and Jewish tradition; Polish language in the family home; celebrating Jewish holidays. 00:08:30 – Father's professional work in the interwar period; mother's brothers; uncle’s trading activities; uncle’s emigration to Palestine. 00:11:57 – Escape of father and uncle to Kaunas; move in with grandparents; meeting with a guard at the Saxon Garden – the interlocutor’s aversion to “people in uniforms”. 00:16:41 – Closure of the ghetto and move of the grandparents, who lived on Nalewki Street; the interlocutor’s stay in a kindergarten in the ghetto. 00:18:22 – Everyday life in the ghetto: homelessness, children begging for bread, corpses in the streets; housing conditions of the interlocutor’s family. 00:22:50 – Grandmother’s illness, surgery in the apartment. 00:25:50 – Awareness of the scale of the Holocaust. 00:27:50 – Extermination action in 1942, attempts to secure themselves, playing at cutting out passes, family move to the shop on Nalewki Street. Nalewki 28. 00:32:10 – Methods of protection against roundup and deportation. 00:37:48 – Atmosphere of tension and waiting from a child’s perspective. 00:40:04 – Mother’s decision to leave the ghetto: contact with Zygmunt Laskowski, residing at 19/21 Mokotowska Street, plans to escape to Lithuania. 00:44:00 – Leaving the ghetto, bribing the guards. 00:46:17 – Blackmail by a blackmailer, ransom, acceptance by Zygmunt Laskowski. 00:49:30 – Zygmunt Laskowski’s apartment, move to Irena Tomaszewska’s apartment in Żoliborz, move to the apartment on Al. 3 Maja; 00:54:35 – Mother’s illness, mother’s stay in St. John’s Hospital; hiding in various apartments, last contact with her mother, her mother’s arrest while trying to enter the ghetto. 01:01:49 – Commemoration of her mother at the cemetery in Warsaw. 01:03:00 – Stay with Władysława Schultz, false birth certificate in the name of Leszek Gołębiowski. Władysława Schultz: education, professional life, family; rented room at 50 Chmielna Street. 01:06:32 – The realities of hiding: the awareness of Władysława Schultz’s sister and son; bombings of Warsaw. 01:09:22 – Outbreak of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, roundups. 01:10:40 – Move to the Malinówka estate, hiding Jewish identity. 01:14:40 – Illness, fear of seeing a doctor due to circumcision, trip to see a doctor in Ostrów Mazowiecka. 01:16:30 – Arrival of the front. English: 01:18:45 – Proximity of Malinówka and Treblinka, awareness of mass murders, selling water to people waiting on trains, prostitution in the vicinity of Treblinka, the smell of burning corpses, comments from residents. 01:23:27 – Occupation of Malinówka by the Red Army and return to Małkinia; plundering of graves in Treblinka. 01:25:58 – Return to Warsaw, apartment in Saska Kępa, Władysława Schultz’s occupation, studies. 01:28:18 – Registration with the Jewish Committee, Władysława Schultz’s concerns about anti-Semitism in her surroundings, stay in Bytów, her uncle from Palestine finds her interlocutor, departure from Poland. 01:33:24 – Gratitude towards people who helped during the war, Righteous Among the Nations medals. 01:36:51 – Anti-Semitism, the impact of a sense of threat on the death of a mother. Discover the POLIN Museum's oral history collection: https://sztetl.org.pl/pl/historia-mow... 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