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From simple slaughtering rituals to halal tourism, including food, medicines and fashion, the halal market extends across all continents. The freedom of interpretation of texts enjoyed by traditional religious authorities has gradually been replaced by a normative space where the faithful would have no choice but to seek out halal and avoid what is not. And the surveillance exercised on sharia-compatible products by half-merchant, half-religious intermediaries now also applies to the behavior of their buyers. What made such an expansion of the "halal system" possible, making every Muslim faithful a consumer, and the Umma an economic power? From the heart of slaughterhouses to the normative committees where our economic policies are decided, this conference recounts the improbable encounter between two utopias of the end of the 20th century, Islamic fundamentalism and neoliberalism. Showing that the recent invention of the halal market would not have been possible if commercial interests had not come before state neutrality and religious freedom, Florence Bergeaud-Blacker also deciphers the issues at stake in the controversies that divide French society: ritual slaughter and animal welfare, halal meals in public institutions or businesses, etc. Florence Bergeaud-Blackler holds a doctorate in anthropology and is a CNRS research fellow at the Institute for Research and Studies on the Arab and Muslim World, Aix-Marseille University. Author of several books (including Comprendre le halal, Edipro, 2010; Le sens du halal: une norme dans le marché mondial (dir.), CNRS éditions, 2015), she has been working on the halal market for 20 years, and is one of the few to have followed its development.