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The Boer War, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog—literally 'First War for Freedom'), took place from 16 December 1880 to 23 March 1881. The First Boer War was the first conflict between the United Kingdom and the Boers of Transvaal. It was sparked when Sir Theophilus Shepstone annexed Transvaal (the South African Republic) to the United Kingdom in 1877. The British consolidated their power over most of South Africa's colonies in 1879 following the Anglo-Zulu War. The Boers protested this fait accompli, and a revolt broke out in December 1880. The war ended on 23 March 1881 with the signing of a peace treaty granting the Boers self-government of Transvaal under British supervision.