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Join my Patreon: https://patreon.com/EssencedesLivres?... Delve into the fascinating story of Baruch Spinoza, the 17th-century revolutionary genius who forever changed the history of philosophy. Excommunicated at age 23 for his radical ideas, this humble lens polisher from Amsterdam developed a revolutionary vision that united God and Nature into one substance. Discover how this audacious thinker: Challenged the religious dogmas of his time Developed a modern conception of freedom Influenced geniuses like Einstein Laid the foundations of modern thought From his dramatic excommunication to his masterpiece The Ethics, explore the life and thought of one of history's most brilliant minds. A story of intellectual courage, persecution, and philosophical genius that resonates to this day. Chapters: 00:00 Spinoza's excommunication in Amsterdam 01:10 Youth and training in the Jewish community 04:09 The break with tradition and his controversial ideas 06:38 Birth of a revolutionary philosophy 08:33 Ethics: Spinoza's major work 14:40 His vision of emotions and reason 15:46 His political ideas and his influence 19:28 Spinoza's personal life