Like all ancient peoples, the Egyptians identified their gods with the forces of nature. Therefore, the ancient Egyptians had many gods and goddesses. Each locality worshiped its own gods, but there were also deities that were common to the entire country. The gods were united into a large family - a pantheon. The god of the ancient capital of Memphis - Ptah - was especially revered in Egypt. The Egyptians believed that he created other gods and the whole world. The sun god Ra gave the earth and people light, warmth, and life. Over time, the cult of the god Ra merged with the cult of the god Amon. Amon-Ra was the main god of the Egyptian state, the king of the gods. The god of the earth Geb and the goddess of the sky Nut were considered children of Ptah. Of all the ancient peoples, only the Egyptians had a man as the god of the earth. Geb was depicted as a man with the head of a snake, and Nut - as a woman or a celestial cow, dotted with stars. The Egyptians especially revered the god of wisdom Thoth. He was the scribe of the gods and taught people writing, arithmetic, and various knowledge. He was also the guide of souls to the kingdom of the dead. Thoth was depicted as a man with the head of an ibis bird or as a monkey. The god Osiris, who reigned in the kingdom of the dead, was one of the most revered. Osiris was the eldest son of the god of the earth Hebe and the goddess of the sky Nut. Like the pharaohs, he initially reigned on earth. During his reign, people knew neither wars, nor diseases, nor hunger. Osiris taught the Egyptians agriculture and viticulture, building cities, mining copper and gold ore, the art of healing and writing. The god of the desert, wind, and war, Set, decided to destroy him. First, he made a sarcophagus, and then he arranged a feast to which he invited Osiris. Here Set announced that the sarcophagus would be given to the one who would fit in size. When Osiris lay down in it, the sarcophagus was closed with a lid, sealed with lead and thrown into the Nile. But the god rose from the dead. He left the throne to his son Horus, and he himself began to reign and pass judgment in the kingdom of the dead. Horus was the last god on earth, since other higher beings had moved to heaven. Horus fought against Set for 80 years. In the end, he then handed over the royal throne to human rulers - the pharaohs. The inhabitants of Egypt believed that the underworld was located far to the west and, in order to reach Osiris without obstacles, one needed to know many spells. They were written down by the priests in the "Book of the Dead". Having reached the "Great House of Two Truths", where Osiris reigned, the deceased appeared before his court. The fate of the deceased was decided by 42 judges. The righteousness of the soul was determined using scales. The heart was placed on one bowl (according to the Egyptians, it contained the soul), and the feather of the goddess Maat, which symbolized truth, was placed on the other. If the heart outweighed, the deceased was a sinner, and the monster Amtu - a lion with a crocodile head - ate him. If the deceased had no sins, he came to life for further eternal life in paradise - Yaru. When the Egyptians did not yet know the secret of embalming, the bodies of the deceased were buried in the hot sand of the desert. Later, substances were discovered that made it possible to preserve the body from decay. Embalming was carried out only by specialists who knew its secrets. Their work was supervised by priests. Mummification required a lot of money, so only wealthy Egyptians, in particular the pharaohs and their entourage, could afford to preserve the body of the deceased in this way. Sources used: https://yandex.fr/images https://ru.wikipedia.org https://uahistory.co / @ИсторияОнлайн / @epiktonmusic https://www.themusicase.com/track/162... https://tunereel.com/royalty-free-mus...