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The political history of the peninsula in the 930s was a time of important events for the future of both the Caliphate of Córdoba and the Kingdom of León. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III of Córdoba experienced the limits of his power first-hand when he was nearly killed in the Battle of Simancas-Alhándega, in which King Ramiro II of León earned the nickname The Devil, and on the other hand the caliph had to be content with a balance of power on the border in which he granted wide local autonomy and hereditary offices in order to reunify al-Andalus and end the civil war that had been dragging on for decades. Discover all this and more in this action-packed episode. Check out the script and sources here ???? https://www.lahistoriaespana.com/rami... ???? SUBSCRIBE and hit the bell ???? --------------------- ???? Website and store: https://lahistoriaespana.com ???? PATREON: / lahistoriaespana ???? DISCORD: / discord ???? TikTok: / lahistoriaespana ???? Twitter: / historiaxespana ???? Instagram: / lahistoriaespana ???? Facebook: / lahistoriaespana --------------------- CONTENTS: 00:00 Hook 00:44 King Ramiro II of León and his time 10:54 Osma Campaign of 934. Submission of Pamplona? 18:13 The submission of Zaragoza in 937. Umayyad victory? 27:15 The Battle of Simancas-Alhándega, the Caliph's most notorious defeat 40:35 The consequences of the Battle of Simancas 55:31 The Verdict: the ideas of political legitimacy of the Umayyads of Cordoba 57:41 Preview and outro #history #middleages #alandalus