There is a more recent version of this video in improved quality: • NEW - Organic Chemistry Part 1: Chemi... GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Carbon [00:12:20] / octet rule [00:14:20] / electronegativity [00:15:30] / metallic bonds [00:19:10] / ionic bonds [00:22:10] / covalent bonds [00:26:00] / important elements for organic chemistry [00:36:00] / formal charges [00:41:10] / structural formulas [00:46:20] / inductive effects [01:04:30] / mesomeric effects [01:16:50] In the first part of the course “Organic Chemistry” we will look at the nature of chemical bonds, structural formulas of organic compounds and important elements. Organic chemistry deals with the chemistry of carbon-rich compounds and forms an important basis for biochemistry (00:08:00). The element carbon can be found in the center of the periodic table (00:12:20). In their compounds, elements strive for the configuration of the noble gases with 8 valence electrons, which is known as the octet rule (00:14:20). Electronegativity describes the ability of an element to attract electrons in compounds and therefore enables statements to be made about the type of chemical bond (00:15:30). Chemical bonds can be divided into metallic (00:19:10), ionic (00:22:10) and covalent (00:26:00) bonds. In a covalent bond, two atoms share electron pairs. The most important elements for organic chemistry are presented below, which include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and the halogens (00:36:00). We also discuss the number of bonds these elements have in their chemical bonds. Formal charges are an integral part of the structural formulas of molecules, and you will learn how to determine them in this course unit (00:41:10). Then, using the compounds methane, ethane, formaldehyde, propene, carbon dioxide, nitrate and phosphate, we will show how to draw structural formulas (00:46:20). Electronegativity leads to a polarization of the electron shell of molecules, which is known as the inductive effect (01:04:30). This creates positive and negative formal charges that enable predictions about reactivity. Inductive effects have a significant influence on the acid strength of carboxylic acids (01:08:20). Mesomeric effects always occur when we can draw several structural formulas for a molecule without bonds being completely broken (01:16:50). These mesomeric formulas enable us to make a statement about the distribution of electrons in a compound and thus about partial charges. The playlist with all parts of the course and live streams can be found at: • Organic Chemistry A description of the contents of all course parts and the script are available at the following link: https://www.peterhuylab.de/youtube/ The password for the “teaching materials” area with the course script can be obtained from Prof. Huy (peter.huy[at]uni-rostock.de). For this course unit, slides 1 - 24 of “Chapter 1: Basics of General Chemistry” were used. This video is an unedited recording of the live streaming of the lecture “Organic Chemistry for Life Sciences and Biology Teaching” by Prof. Dr. Peter Huy from April 6, 2021 at the Institute of Chemistry at the University of Rostock. The first scene was re-shot. 00:00:00 Intro 00:12:20 Carbon 00:14:20 Octet rule 00:15:30 Electronegativity 00:19:10 Metallic bonds 00:22:10 Ionic bonds 00:26:00 Covalent bonds 00:36:00 Important elements for organic chemistry 00:41:10 Formal charges 00:46:20 Structural formulas 01:04:30 Inductive effects 01:16:50 Mesomeric effects