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GABRIEL PEYRÉ OPTIMAL TRANSPORT: FROM GASPARD MONGE TO DATA SCIENCE Abstract: Optimal transport was formulated by Gaspard Monge in the 18th century. It involves optimizing the cost of transport from a set of sources (e.g. bakeries) to consumers (e.g. cafes, in the morning in Paris). This very old problem has undergone several revolutions. In 1942, Leonid Kantorovich explained how to reformulate it into a problem that was easier to solve and study: he won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his work. In the 1990s, Yann Brenier, a French mathematician, established a link between the work of Monge and Kantorovich, and later Cédric Villani won the Fields Medal (the equivalent of the Nobel Prize) in particular for his work on optimal transport. And in recent years, mathematicians and computer scientists have developed revolutionary numerical techniques to apply optimal transport to countless real-world problems such as image processing and artificial intelligence. In this talk, I will provide an overview of these different revolutions. ---------------------------------- You can join us on social media to follow our news. Facebook: / instituthenripoincare Twitter: / inhenripoincare Instagram: / instituthenripoincare