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According to Nikolai Berdyaev, Marxism is a Christian heresy. It wanted to achieve paradise on earth, but without God, like the Tower of Babel. It criticized and sought to replace the motives of Christian hope. It captivated many Christians, who believed that it could be combined well with the Christian message or that it was more effective than it. Delivered on the occasion of the second centenary of Marx's birth (1818)