In this video, we tried to explain and show how walnuts are grafted with the under-bark grafting technique. How to Graft Walnuts - Under-Bark Grafting Technique Does the grafting done on walnuts that have bitter water take? Points to consider in scion grafting: 1- It should be noted that the air temperature has exceeded 20 degrees. 2- The tree to be grafted is cut 7-10 days before the grafting to ensure that the bitter water drains. In addition, the bottom of the tree is cut enough to enter the wood layer by 1-2 mm with a saw to ensure that the bitter water drains from there. If the tree is strong, a thin and weak branch on the tree should be left as an aerial branch. Otherwise, the strong tree can choke the scions. (This branch should be cut 3-4 months after the graft takes hold) 3- At the time of grafting, the cut area is refreshed and it is observed that the bark is easily separated from the wood layer. It is important that the bark is removed without fibers. 4- It should be ensured that the buds on the scion are mature, strong and disease-free, and scions with a maximum of 2-3 eyes should be used. The thickness of the scions should be selected according to the diameter of the tree and the thickness of its bark. The number of scions can be between 2-5, again depending on the diameter of the tree. 5- The scions should be well fixed to the tree. In addition, the open ends of the scion should definitely be putty. 6- All wound areas should be covered with a putty made of organic materials, so that they do not allow air to enter. 7- The top of the putty should be isolated so that the moisture of the wound areas does not disappear. 8- Until and after the graft takes hold, the degenerate shoots that will come out from under the graft should always be cleaned. 9- Approximately 15-25 days after the graft, the grafts that have taken hold start to sprout. Since the tree roots are strong and the grafts will grow very quickly, when the shoots reach a length of 50-70 cm, they should definitely be tied to a stick in a way that they will not suffocate. When the graft reaches a length of 120 cm, the tip of the shoots should be cut to ensure that they give side branches. In addition, the shoots that have grown into the tree should be pruned. Grafting Types Walnut grafting is not done in a single way. There are several different types of grafting. Walnuts can be grafted using patch bud grafting, omega grafting, tongue grafting or split bud grafting methods. Among these grafting methods, bud grafting is the most preferred. The most important issue in grafting is that the graft is fresh. Therefore, the graft graft taken from the parent tree and other saplings should be grafted on the same day. The more lively, wet and vibrant the graft is, the easier it will take hold. SHELTER GRAFT (SHOPPER GRAFT) Bark grafting is a type of graft that has been applied in our country for many years, and its take-holding rate is quite high, but bark grafting is a little different in walnut. We should cut our tree at least 5-10 days before starting the graft and wait for the sap of the tree to flow because the walnut tree secretes a chemical substance called water (juglan) and this reduces the success of the graft. If the water has stopped coming from the tree, you can start grafting and we reach the living tissue by cutting one or two centimeters below the point we cut before. We should cut the buds so that two or three eyes remain and cut the bud horizontally for 3-4 centimeters. We should draw the bark of our tree starting from the top and touching the woody tissue down to about 10 cm and place the scion on this line from top to bottom. We should tie it with a plastic graft tie so that the bark does not remain and the scion does not move and we should put a wide bag on the graft point of our tree and fill it with soil. The most important issue here is to make sure that the bag is larger than the tree. We should fill the graft place with soil so that at least two or three centimeters of soil is behind the graft point. Because this process will protect the graft point from excessive heat and excessive cold. Graft paste is applied on the graft so that it does not lose its moisture. If the weather is too hot during the graft period, a white bag should be used or if the weather gets too hot after grafting, it will be useful to paint the bag white. Because the heat above 35 degrees at the graft point damages the callus tissue. Inlay Graft: It is a graft graft commonly used in grafting cherries (in situ graft) from hard core fruit species. A V-shaped place is prepared on the rootstock and the graft prepared in a suitable way is placed here and the graft is tied. It is not desired for the rootstock to be too thick in this graft. Split Grafting: It is a grafting method known as variety change grafting, which is recommended for soft core species (apple, pear etc.) where the rootstock is thick. A maximum of scion can be attached to each rootstock. Car