How the Taliban Can Leave All of Central Asia Without Water
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Published on Dec 7, 2024
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The decades-long peace of the Central Asian countries was broken in 2022 - in neighboring Afghanistan, a grand canal is being built that can take up to 10 cubic kilometers of water per year from the transboundary Amu Darya River. Until the 1970s, there was enough water for irrigation and for the Aral Sea, where ships sailed and fishermen caught fish. And now, as they say, the flowers have faded and the berries have appeared - the Afghans decided to irrigate their 500 thousand hectares. Water in the East has long been more than just a vital natural resource. It is history and big politics. Wild rivers changing their course were the reasons for the flourishing of civilizations or the resettlement of people from former oases. Lack of water was the cause of many conflicts and speculations between neighbors or social groups. Therefore, the problem of the drying up of the Aral Sea was and remains the "number one" problem not only in the region, but also at the global level. However, it may also fade into the background against the backdrop of the rapid construction of the Kosh Tepa Canal in Afghanistan, which will take water from the Amu Darya literally at its very source. According to experts, there will be a shortage of water in the countries located in the lower reaches of this river in the near future. The countries of Central Asia have found themselves in a very difficult situation due to the ongoing construction of the Kosh Tepa Canal in neighboring Afghanistan. On the one hand, the desire of neighbors to finally resolve the food crisis and provide the country's residents with food and water is understandable, on the other hand, there will not be enough water for the residents of Central Asia, primarily Uzbekistan. So far, except for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, none of the leaders of the region has expressed concern. In light of the impending deficit, the new authorities of Afghanistan unexpectedly discovered that their impoverished country is incredibly rich. Mountainous Afghanistan, due to its geographical location, is located upstream of all the rivers in the region - and can control the flow of water. Kosh Tepa is an irrigation canal under construction in northern Afghanistan. The canal's water is diverted from the Amu Darya River about 90 km northwest of the city of Mazar-i-Sharif on the border with Tajikistan. From its source, the canal runs about 10 km south before continuing west north of Mazar-i-Sharif. The canal then passes through Jowzjan Province and ends in Faryab Province on the border with Turkmenistan. The irrigation facility will be 285 km long, 100 m wide, 8.5 m deep, and has an expected water intake of up to 10 cubic kilometers per year. Construction is scheduled to last until 2028, and the canal itself will be commissioned in three stages.
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