Click here https://www.cyberghostvpn.com/History... to get CyberGhost VPN with 83% off for only €2.03/month + the first 4 months free! Antiquity is the longest period in our history, during its 4000 years it saw the emergence of the first great cities, great kingdoms and, of course, the first empires in our history. While we often know the history of the wars and the kings of these, it is often more complicated to learn about how they worked: administration, justice and economy. This video aims to explain how some of these empires worked, starting with the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, then the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, and finally the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Become a member of the channel to support me: / @episodesdhistoire Join the channel discord: / discord ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sources (thanks to Géraud for his help): Empire of Akkad • ASCALONE, E., La Mésopotamie. Pouvoir. Religion. Vie quotidienne, trad. A. GUGLIELMETTI, Paris, 2006. • ANDERSON, J., Kingship in the Early Mesopotamian Onomasticon 2800 – 2200 BCE, Uppsala, 2012. • FIBIGER, P., BAYLY, CA and WALTER, S., The Oxford world history of empire. Volume 2: The history of empires, Oxford, 2021. • Florent and the Akkadian empire of Mesopotamia (passion antiquités) • PM. (2022, November 28). Passion medievistes. https://passionmedievistes.fr/antiqui... (accessed January 21, 2023). • FOSTER, B., The age of Agade. Inventing empire in ancient Mesopotamia, New York, 2016. • LAFFORGUE, G., (nd). Akkad. Encyclopædia Universalis. https://www.universalis.fr/encycloped... (accessed January 22, 2023). • LIVERANI, M., Akkad, the first world empire. Structure, ideology, traditions, Padua, 1993. • MARK, J. (2011, April 28). Akkad. Encyclopedia of World History. https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/fr... (accessed January 22, 2023). • NADINE, M., RADNER, K. and POTTS, D., The Oxford history of the ancient Near East. From the Beginnings to Old Kingdom Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad, Oxford, 2020. • SAZONOV, V., Aspects of royal ideology and religion in Sumer and Akkad in III mil. BCE, Tartu, 2020. • SNELL, D., Life in the ancient Near East, 3100 – 332 BCE, New Haven, 1997. • WESTENHOLZ, A., and SALLABERGER, W., Mesopotamian: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit, Zurich, 1999. Middle Kingdom • AGUT-LABORDÈRE, D., The Egypt of the pharaohs: Narrate to Diocletian: 3150 BC. BC - 284 AD J.-C., Paris, 2016. • ANDREU-LANOË, G., Egyptian society at the end of the Middle Kingdom, in CLÉMENT, P. and MORFOISSE, F., Sesostris III: legendary pharaoh, 2014. • BOQUEHO, V. (2020, May 9). First crises in the Near East - Egypt: The Middle Kingdom - herodote.net. History illuminates the present - In the News - Herodote.net. https://www.herodote.net/Egypte_le_Mo... (accessed January 22, 2023). • BUDGE, EA, A history of Egypt from the end of the neolithic period to the death of Cleopatra VII. BC 30. 3. Egypt under the Amenemhāts and Hyksos, Oosterhout, 1968. • GRAJETZKI, W., The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: history, archaeology and society, London, 2006. • TALLET, P., External relations: Nubia, Near East, Sinai, in CLÉMENT, P. and MORFOISSE, F., Sesostris III: pharaoh of legend, 2014. • TALLET, P., Sesostris III and the end of the 12th dynasty, Paris, 2005. • MORENA GARCIA, JC, Studies on administration, power and ideology in Egypt, from the Old to the Middle Kingdom, Liège, 1997. • SPALINGER, A., War in Ancient Egypt, the new kingdom, Oxford, 2005. Achaemenid Empire • BRIANT, P., Darius, the Persians and the Empire, Paris, 1992. • BRIANT, P., History of the Persian Empire. From Cyrus to Alexander, Paris, 1996. • BRIANT, P., Kings, Tributes and Peasants. Studies on the tributary formations of the ancient Middle East, Paris, 1982. • BRIANT, P. and HERRENSCHMIDT, C., Tribute in the Persian Empire, Louvain-Paris, 1989. • CAPART, J. and CONTENAU, G., History of the ancient Orient: Egypt of the pharaohs, ancient Western Asia, Paris, 1937. • PALOU, C. and PALOU, J., Ancient Perse, Paris, 1962. ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Music: • Love is the Cure - Sufi Lounge • Desert Crossing - Sufi Lounge • Shams Tabrizi - Sufi Lounge ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 00:00 - Introduction 03:30 - Akkadian Empire 09:05 - Middle Egyptian Empire 15:10 - Achaemenid Persian Empire 22:02 - Conclusion