Continuation of the series on the history of the Arctic. In this episode, Maria Vasilievna Dukalskaya talks about who was the first polar pilot; explains why Russia is the founder of polar aviation and how, year after year, a fleet of several aircraft turned into a powerful structure that had no analogues in the world. #digitalhistory #egoryakovlev #historyofthearctic #MariaDukalskayaCI 0:00 – Introduction. Polar Aviation – why is this term ambiguous? What do we mean by polar aviation? 3:31 – What to read on the topic? Who was the first polar pilot? The birth of polar aviation 6:11 – Who else claims to be the first creator of polar aviation? 8:55 – 1924: The birth of Soviet polar aviation. Who used aviation in the Arctic? Polar Aviation Tasks 12:32 – Exploration of Northern Siberia – along the great Siberian rivers. 13:56 – Birth of a New Profession – Polar Pilot. Living Conditions of Pilots 16:14 – The First Generation of Soviet Polar Pilots. Why Were There So Many Foreigners Among Them? What Did Polar Explorers Fly? 19:36 – 1924: Why Do We Take This Year as the Beginning of the Soviet Stage of Polar Aviation? Expedition to Novaya Zemlya. Why Were German Airplanes Built in Moscow? 23:51 – The 1920s: Aviation is Growing. New Successes, Achievements, and Routes. Wrangel Island, Yenisei Route. 27:47 – The First Northern Air Expedition. Georgy Davidovich Krasinsky – Head of Expeditions and Organizer. Goals, Objectives, and Progress of the Expedition. 31:54 – 1928: Rescue of Umberto Nobile's expedition and the airship "Italia". The role of polar aviation and its importance for the future. 34:51 – Flight of the "Soviet North" aircraft in 1928 and the role of the Dornier flying boats in the exploration of the North. Why was the flight not a failure, despite the fact that it did not achieve its goals? 39:11 – Creation of a special polar reconnaissance service. The reasons for its creation and the context of the era. The beginning of permanent ice reconnaissance 44:17 – Soviet ice reconnaissance is a unique phenomenon in the history of Arctic exploration and its importance in the late 1930s and during the Great Patriotic War 46:39 – Development of the Ob route. Scientific works – Chukotka flight expedition 48:40 - How were polar aviation aircraft marked? 50:38 – 1933: Establishment of the Air Service Directorate of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route. Distinction between polar and civil aviation 52:56 – Was Sanya Grigoriev a polar pilot? Historical prototype of the book character 54:02 – Development of polar aviation in the 1930s. What aircraft were in polar aviation at the time of Chelyuskin's expedition? New festival "Digital History" in Moscow: https://tsifrovaya-istoriya.timepad.r... Support the project "Digital History": "Sponsr" - https://sponsr.ru/dhistory/ "Sberbank": 4276-5500-7886-1070 "Donationalerts" - https://www.donationalerts.com/r/digh... "Yandex.Money" (YuMoney): 410012000113107 "Sponsorship" on YouTube: / @dhistory Our platforms: RuTube - https://rutube.ru/channel/23600725/ VK - https://vk.com/dighistory Telegram - https://t.me/egoryakovleff Yandex Zen: https://dzen.ru/dhistory