Disease management in corn
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Let's talk about the main diseases, going through management strategies and positioning of fungicides in corn. For me, the most important thing is the choice of hybrid. This is because the difference in disease tolerance between hybrids is much greater than the difference between fungicides. Disease management starts with the choice of hybrid. Unfortunately, no company can deliver a hybrid that meets the three pillars: earliness, productivity and hardiness (disease tolerance). Also because hardiness or disease tolerance, in the selection criteria, is antagonistic to productivity and cycle. I have a list of genes, among which, when prioritizing earliness and productivity, I can hardly have defensiveness (Photo 1). The first aspect, then, in relation to disease management. Hyper-early cycle hybrids are more susceptible to super-early hybrids, and these in turn are more susceptible to early cycle hybrids. Since the selection criteria often depend on the cycle, and many people opt for the super-early crop, thinking about the second crop that comes next, these materials can be used up to three fungicide applications (Photo 2). In this photo, we have a P30F53 material on the right, and a P1630 material on the left. The difference between the two materials without fungicide application was 40 bags per hectare. Remember that these materials have a smaller leaf area, so they are less resistant to disease and have a shorter period of time for grain filling. So, is the idea to avoid super-early crops? No, the idea is to work with more than one hybrid, and if you don't have the application technology, then it is better to avoid these materials, because if I were to use a super-early hybrid, I could already plan for three fungicide applications. And why is this drop in productivity so great? Corn reaches tasseling with maximum IAF (4.5 to 5.5 square meters of leaves per square meter of soil). At this point, the corn has accumulated around 40% of its total biomass. The other 60% takes around 50 to 60 days to accumulate, and the plant is extremely dependent on this photosynthetic apparatus to provide a good grain weight. Note that the grain weight can be 250 to 450 grams, depending on the hybrid, the useful life of the leaf, the nutritional status, etc. Therefore, keeping the leaf alive, well-nourished and healthy is essential to obtain high productivity.
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