📖 Get to know our publishing house: https://radionaukowe.pl/wydawnictwo 📚 Convenient book shopping: https://wydawnictwoRN.pl. Use the discount code for audiobooks: sluchamRN 👉 Become a Patron: https://patronite.pl/radionaukowe 👉 Make a one-time support: https://suppi.pl/radionaukowe 🎧 Listen on streaming: https://ffm.bio/radionaukowe 🔔 Subscribe: / @radionaukowe 🌐 Website: https://radionaukowe.pl 👍 Facebook: / radionaukowe 📷 Instagram: / radionaukowe ❌ Twitter: / radionaukowe 🎓 Visit LAMU: / @letniaakademiamlodychumyslow 🎬 See more: • Radio Naukowe recommends 📩 Contact: [email protected] Science is something complicated. It is impossible to know everything, it is even difficult to be interested in everything, we do not have the time, resources, preparation for this... We have to rely on scientists and believe that experts in a given field provide us with reliable knowledge, consistent with the current state of science. Exactly: believe. You have certainly encountered accusations somewhere that science is like religion, someone tells us to believe in specific paradigms and that's it. Today, Dr. Adrian Kuźniar from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Warsaw, author of the @Bakcylfilozofii channel on YouTube, talks about how it actually works. The basic difference between religion and science is that religion is not open to discussion. The dogmas of faith are accepted in their entirety or not at all, there is no room for verification or criticism. Science is just the opposite. Its key feature is its openness to constant questioning. - We cannot prove the truth of a scientific theory, but we can try to disprove any scientific theory - explains Prof. Kuźniar. If a given theory survives such an attempt to undermine or falsify it, it gains the right to enter the realm of science (at least for a while, until another, better theory is created that undermines it). We have a system for verifying whether the person from whom we draw knowledge is really an expert. As a rule, experts also openly share the data and studies on which they base their theories. Religions, on the other hand, programmatically give up this aspect, they do not want to be verifiable for everyone. In science, of course, we use a kind of speculation, it is its essential element: we make some assumptions. However, how they are created and what happens to them next is important. Scientific theories must be internally consistent, in some way organize the described phenomena, explain existing ones and predict new ones. If a theory does not meet these criteria (e.g. it is internally contradictory, too complicated, cannot predict further development based on the data available), and on top of that it is not falsified in any way, i.e. challenged, put to the test, then it does not meet the criteria of a scientific theory. In this episode, you will also hear a lot of specifics from the philosophy of science (the names of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn are often mentioned). We talk about what a scientific paradigm is, what has to happen to undermine it, how science is understood by instrumentalists (here you will learn how the Lutheran theologian Andreas Osiander dealt our Copernicus a blow below the belt) and how it is understood by realists. I highly recommend it! WE RECOMMEND OTHER MATERIALS: • Science Radio - All episodes • Physics • Biology • Psychology • Animals • Religion • History • History of life • Geography • Technology • Human 00:00 - 1:25 Introduction 1:25 - 4:56 The limits of science - the whim of scientists or confirmed knowledge 4:56 - 8:28 Scientific consensus 8:28 - 12:20 Mathematical axiom and the dogmas of faith 12:20 - 17:26 Similarities between science and faith 17:26 - 23:48 The development of philosophical thought about science - the falsifiability criterion 23:48 - 25:18 Is there scientific proof? 25:18 - 33:48 Newton's Mechanics and Einstein's Theory of Gravity 33:48 - 45:47 Kuhn's Paradigm 45:47 - 50:08 Paradigm, Anomalies, and Change - the Rationality of Science and Religious Conversion 50:08 - 51:38 Theory of Everything 51:38 - 59:50 Does Science Describe the Real World? 59:50 - 1:07:00 When Do Theories Stop Being True? The Theory of Phlogiston and Aether 1:07:00 - 1:11:16 Scientific Description of the World - Does There Have to Be Only One? 1:11:16 - 1:17:44 Can We Know the Entire Reality? 🧠 Scientific Radio - Turn on Knowledge! 🧠 #RadioNaukowe #KarolinaGłowacka