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The defeat of the Czech estates in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620 was the most fatal event for our nation in the entire Thirty Years' War. On November 8, 1620, the Czech estates were defeated by the troops of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Battle of Bílá hora. After losing the battle, exemplary punishment awaited the "enemies". Some ended up on the gallows in the Old Town Square, others were stripped of all their property, and others were at least severely tried in absentia. Emperor Ferdinand II he took advantage of the favorable situation and weakened the power of the estate even more sharply by issuing the so-called "Restored Land Establishment". Forced re-Catholicization began and those who did not want to change the faith of their fathers left the country in droves. The new regional constitution also legislated the hereditary right of the Habsburgs to the Czech throne for the future. Although the Thirty Years' War was far from over, the fighters for Czech interests had already irretrievably lost their fight.