Biography of Socrates Socrates is known as the father of western philosophy. Someone who asks a lot of questions about everything and everyone. It is known that (Socrates) expressed his opinions without any fear and openly. This expression of opinions and deep thinking also marked the fate of darkness for him. Introduction: Of all the ancient scientific figures, none are as unknown as Socrates. Socrates did not write down any of his thoughts and everything we know about Socrates is related to the second category sources. Our reliable sources about Socrates are related to the writings of his beloved student (Plato) and (Xenophon). It seems that everything written about Socrates is related to the conversations they had with Socrates and refers to their memories with Socrates. It is not clear how accurate Plato's information about (Socrates) can be. This has led to the creation of a scientific category called the Socratic problem. Socrates was born in 470 BC in Athens, Greece. His father was a sculptor and his mother was a housewife. His father wanted Socrates to become a sculptor, that's why Socrates was an apprentice in his father's workshop when he was a teenager. It seems that he became an expert in sculpting in his youth, and his most famous sculpture was the figure of the three great goddesses of ancient Greece. Socrates was influenced by the thoughts of the great ancient philosopher (Anaxagoras). Many believe that (Anaxagoras) was the teacher of Socrates, but many sources do not confirm such a thing. Anaxagoras believed: Different elements have different roots and originators, for example, fire does not exist by itself, something that is related to it creates fire. A more specific example is that water does not cause fire because they are unrelated. In ancient Athens, there was an area called (Agora) which was a gathering place for thinkers. They used to show up at that place and exchange their opinions. In his youth (Socrates) was not allowed to enter the (Agora). At the same time, he started learning (mathematics) and (astronomy). He did a little elementary study in the field of philosophy. According to the writings of Diogenes Laertes, a famous biographer in the 3rd century AD, Socrates fell in love with philosophy at a young age and nothing could stop him. Later, he felt that many of the events that are happening in the society are of no benefit to the people, and he easily reminded them of the problems of the people. However, no one considered him a scientific figure. Countless questions (Socrates) had also started asking questions about everything around him, later he said that instead of asking questions about nature, we should come and ask ourselves how the world is working. There is a famous sentence that many attribute to Socrates: Know yourself! A soldier and a philosopher: With the beginning of the (Peloponnese) wars in 431 BC, Socrates was also called to serve in the Greek army. I am surprised that there are many different opinions about Socrates, but many agree on one thing: that Socrates was ugly! It is said that he did not have a beautiful appearance, did not take care of himself at all and rarely went to the bathroom. Plato says that Socrates went to military service. Plato says that his teacher participated in the (Peloponnese) wars and fought on several fronts, which is consistent with other writings, and they even talk about the bravery of Socrates in these battlefields. It was in 406 BC that he came out of the army and at the same time became a member of a group of five hundred people who ran the affairs of the city of Athens. But Xenophon points out an interesting point. He says he was a member of the board that had to vote. A vote for the fate of the soldiers who fled the war front. Without exception, all the voting members said that the fugitive soldier should be executed, but in the meantime, Socrates always disagreed with them and voted to continue the soldier's life. Challenging society: With the end of the Peloponnesian wars in 404 BC, a group ruled Athens called the thirty tyrants, who were a very oppressive group. These people shed the blood of many citizens and created an atmosphere of terror in Athens. Eight months later, that regime fell and a democratic system replaced it. But this did not mean that life was going to be kind to Socrates. Rather, this case made the situation worse for Socrates. Socrates was against democracy. He believed that people cannot set rules and implement them by themselves. They need a wise shepherd to guide them on the right path. The expression of these thoughts challenge the society of those days in Athens. After a long time, they had become the owner of a military system that gave people freedom of expression, but Socrates challenged this freedom. Many people disagreed with him and he usually did not pay attention to the objections. This neglect increased the violence. It is said that the opponents rushed towards him and punc