Time codes: 00:00 introduction 00:50 difference from lithium-ion 01:36 number of charge-discharge cycles 03:05 cell voltage 03:48 assembly 4S - 12 Volt 04:43 assembly 8S - 24 Volt 05:20 assembly 16S - 48 Volt 06:04 BMS controller 07:33 active balancer 08:40 nuances of working with a UPS 09:53 how to charge 10:44 charge current 11:29 battery weight Let's consider the main characteristics of these batteries, point by point: (I will not delve into the units energy density, I will highlight only what, in my opinion, is interesting to the consumer.) Choose a battery: https://voltmarket.ua/ua/litievye-akk... Number of charge-discharge cycles before losing 20% ​​of capacity: 2000-7000 ( the resource strongly depends on the charge and discharge current, so at a current of 0.25 C, the resource at 100% depth of discharge exceeds 6000 cycles (imagine, and this is only for the consumption of 20% of the capacity), but at a current of 1C it drops to 3000, but this is also very, very much). What is a 1C current - this is when the charging or discharging current is equal to the battery capacity, that is, if you have a 100Ah battery, then we are talking about a current of 100A, and this will mean that you draw or charge the entire battery capacity in 1 hour. Also, the resource depends on the depth of discharge: if with a current of 1C and 100% depth of discharge, the resource is 3000 cycles, then at 80% you will have 4500 cycles, and at 60% of the discharge - already 10000 cycles). So that you understand how much this is, I will say for comparison, an average gel or AGM battery is unlikely to have more than 300 cycles at 100 percent discharge, and it will lose not 20% of its capacity, but all 80%. So, you see what a gap there is between these types of batteries, 300 cycles, and 3000 cycles. But here you need to understand whether it is really necessary, such a number of cycles, and whether it is worth paying more. Shelf life: up to 15 years Self-discharge at room temperature: about 3-5% per month Let's consider the voltage of the elements, there are more questions here. 3.65V fully charged cell. operating voltage: 3.0-3.4 V (the main capacity is concentrated here, about 95%) 2.6 V - the minimum operating voltage (discharge) All the batteries we use consist of such cells, and they are usually composed of multiples of four cells connected in series , which can then be connected in parallel with each other. That is, four elements form a voltage close to the standard, 12 - 12.8 Volts. I think they were designed to be a replacement for lead-acid batteries, for which a lot of equipment is designed. And here we go to the next point. Charge and discharge voltage of battery assemblies. 12 Volt systems are probably one of the most common. 4 cells connected in series (denoted as 4S). For a full, 100% charge, the assembly should be charged with a voltage of about 14.6 Volts, which corresponds to a voltage of 3.65 V on the cell. The maximum battery capacity is stored at voltages of 12.0 - 13.6 Volts. That is, when the assembly works on a discharge, it will give 95% of its capacity at a voltage of about 12.0 Volts, which corresponds to a voltage of 3.0 V per cell. Is it necessary to charge the element exactly to 3.65V - there are many opinions, some say that it is necessary, as recommended by the manufacturer, to 3.65V, some say that in order to extend the life of the battery, it is better to lower the upper charge limit, for example, to 3.55V. And anyway, everything works as it should. 24 Volt systems. They usually consist of an assembly of 8 serially connected elements (8S). To get the optimal operating parameters, you just need to multiply the voltages of 12-volt systems by two. That is, for a full charge, the assembly should be charged with a voltage of about 14.6*2=29.2 Volts. 48 Volt systems. They usually consist of 16 serially connected elements (scheme 16S). To get the optimal operating parameters, you just need to multiply by 4, the voltage of 12-volt systems. That is, for a full charge, the assembly should be charged with a voltage of about 14.6*4=58.4 Volts. The maximum battery capacity is stored at voltages of 48.0 - 54.4 Volts. We are always glad to see you in our stores of stable electricity supply in Dnipro, Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv and Odesa. Our consultants will help you choose the necessary equipment, provide advice, show it in action, issue a warranty and offer any form of payment, including installments and payment in parts. How to find us: https://voltmarket.ua/about-us VoltMarket. Stable power supply stores www.voltmarket.ua +380567984106, +380639447106, +380675447106, +380509447106 m Dnipro, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Avenue, 15. Monday - Friday, 9:00 - 18:00; Sat, 10:00 - 13:00. Kyiv, Prospekt Myru, 6. Mon - Fri, 9:00 - 18:00. Kyiv, Prospekt Povitroflotskyi 55. Monday - Friday, 9:00 - 19:00. Kharkiv, Prospekt Moskovskyi, 35. Monday - Friday, 9:00 - 18:00, Saturday, 10:00 - 13:00. Odesa, Razumovska Street, 17. Monday -