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It is a well-known fact that high HDL cholesterol reduces the risk of heart disease. However, when HDL cholesterol was raised with drugs, the occurrence of heart disease did not decrease, and in some cases, it increased, so clinical trials were stopped. Later, epidemiological studies showed that when HDLc is higher than a certain level, overall deaths increase. Why does this discrepancy appear? Because HDL cholesterol is not related to the good function of HDL. In humans, HDL acts as an immune system that has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects rather than preventing arteriosclerosis. There is no need to go through the trouble of raising HDL cholesterol to prevent heart disease.