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How is universal justice possible in modern societies that bring together people with fundamentally different views? An attempt to answer this question made John Rawls a classic of modern political philosophy, whose book A Theory of Justice revived interest in this area within the analytical tradition. Rawls defended the concept of justice as fairness, appealing to the initial conditions of social cooperation and our practical rationality. With his theory, he sought to reconcile the ideals of freedom, equality, and reciprocity, offering an inspiring idea of justice for societies that recognize the right of citizens to differ in their views. We discuss these and many other ideas of Rawls together with Konstantin Morozov in our new podcast. Support: https://boosty.to/insolarance Participants: Konstantin Morozov, Alexey Kardash. Insolarance: Website: https://insolarance.com/ Telegram: https://t.me/insolarance VK: https://vk.com/insolarance_cult Alexey: https://t.me/here_was_dragons Patreon: / insolarance Konstantin's Channel: https://t.me/MoralRat Timestamps: 0:00 Who is John Rawls? 3:45 Rawls's attitude to religion and his participation in World War II 5:13 Justice in a secular society and a critique of utilitarianism 8:12 Rawls and the history of political thought 11:50 Liberalism and the social contract in Rawls, his attitude to Marxism and anarchism 14:08 The veil of ignorance and Kant's universalization test 18:44 Gauthier and the Lockean proviso 20:46 Rawls on inequality and the emergence of luck egalitarianism 23:10 Practical consequences of Rawls's view of justice 24:33 Lexical priority and the principles of a just society 28:25 Inequality according to Rawls and societies of simple equality 30:13 A just society according to Rawls 31:56 The welfare state and equality of opportunity 34:43 Property-owning democracy and liberal socialism 41:08 Rawls's Followers and Critics, "Political Liberalism" 51:32 Right-wing Rawlsianism 53:54 Why is Rawls an Analytic Philosopher? Rawls's Methodology and Continental Reception 59:32 Weaknesses of Rawls's Theory