Hello everyone, welcome to the ZimZimDIY channel. Today, I will talk about the Charge Controller between PWM and MPPT. How are the charging efficiency different? Let's explain it simply in the Zimzim channel style. First, let's understand that both Charge Controllers are often used in Off Grid systems or systems that are not connected to home electricity. They store electricity in batteries. Normally, PWM or Pulse Width Modulation is a type of square wave signal. It is not the name of any charging system. But we like to call it that because they use this signal to work. So we call it a PWM Charge Controller. MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking. It is the name of a technique for finding the highest power point of the solar panel to use. In the MPPT system, the PWM signal is also used to drive the MOSFET transistors. So, let's start. Let's look at the efficiency of the PWM controller first. Suppose I have a solar panel that can produce a maximum voltage of 20V and a maximum current of 5A. I want to charge a lead-acid battery with an output voltage of 13.8V. If we use a PWM controller, it will immediately cut the voltage for us to 13.8V. As for the current, it is still 5A. If we look at it this way, it seems fair. There is no problem. We get the voltage to charge the battery as we want. As for the current, we get the same from the original power supply. It seems okay, right? But if we try to calculate it in watts, The power of this solar panel is from Output Voltage x Output Current 20V x 5A, this panel will produce 100W of power. 100W after it passes through the Controller, let's calculate the output power. 13.8 x 5A will leave approximately 69W of power. *This value does not include the loss in energy exchange. This is because the PWM Controller does not increase the current, but only cuts off excess voltage. Therefore, the lost voltage of approximately 6.2V means the lost power of 31W. Likewise, if we connect more panels in series, it will be useless. The increased voltage but the current remains the same, it will increase the load on the difference in voltage, causing the controller to work even harder. And most PWM controllers do not support very high voltages. Therefore, the best way to use PWM is to connect them in parallel. And if the panel voltage is not far from the battery, we will get energy close to the maximum energy. It will also store energy when the sun is strong. The PWM controller uses the principle of modulating the pulse width modulator signal. You can study the working principle from this clip. I have made a clip to explain it. Now let's look at the MPPT controller. I assume that the panel voltage is the same, which is 20V 5A. If we use a normal MPPT controller, it will give a very high energy conversion efficiency. For example, this Powmr says that it gives an efficiency of up to 97%. 100W x 0.97 = 97W If calculated as the maximum current that this MppT can work with, it is equal to 97W / Output voltage 13.8V, which will give a high current of about 7 amps (up to 7.02A) *This value does not include the loss in the energy exchange. We already know that MPPT can convert the remaining voltage into current. The condition is that the current obtained must not exceed the wattage of the panel. So how does it work? Let's take a brief look at its working principle. If we look at the graph of the relationship between voltage and current, if we draw too much current from the panel, the voltage will decrease. If we draw less current, the voltage will increase. This means that if we draw the maximum current from the panel, the voltage will drop to almost 0V. When the power is combined, the wattage will be very low, which is alarming. Because we draw too much current, there is almost no voltage to drive it. And vice versa, if we draw too little current from the panel, of course, the voltage will be high, but the amount of current will be very little. This will result in low wattage. So what should we do? If we want the most wattage from the panel, we have to find the ratio between voltage and current to have the most balance point. It will give the most wattage. If we compare it to a person, it is like when we ride a bicycle with many gears. Going up the hill, we will use one gear, going down the hill, we will use another gear. We will try to find the best gear to match the power we have. In the case of solar panels, it is the same. We will call this point the maximum power point or Maximum Power Point. It will randomly find the amount of incoming current continuously until it finds the highest amount of watts. When all the words are combined, it is Maximum Power Point Tracking or MPPT. Have you noticed that when you get the highest wattage, it is not the voltage we want. They may throw it in, such as the Buck-Boost Converter circuit. The Buck-Boost Converter will reduce the voltage to what we want. And we will get higher electric current from this process. The rea