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The bombs falling on Kiev are destroying not only the capital of present-day Ukraine. They are bringing destruction to a historic city, considered for a thousand years the cradle of medieval Ruthenian castles. Kievan Ruthenia had its own democratic traditions and a flourishing culture centuries ago, and its influence on the history of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was colossal. Why, despite this, was the Commonwealth of the Three Nations never established? Why did the Moscow Tsar not want to swear in the Cossack rights? Is old Zaćwilichowski the most underrated hero of Sienkiewicz's "With Fire and Sword"? Professor Hieronim Grala, historian, researcher of the history of Ruthenia and diplomat, talks about the difficult medieval and modern history of Ruthenia. You can listen to the Polish History Museum podcast on: ● YouTube • Podcasts Muzeum H... ● Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/1p3AH9O... ● Google Podcasts https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0... ● Audioteka https://web.audioteka.com/pl/podcast/... ● and on other podcast platforms. We invite you to subscribe to our profiles. Co-financed by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage. The podcast was produced as part of the task: continuation and expansion of the multimedia information and educational project - Portal Historyczny Dzieje.pl