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What was Algeria before French colonization? Certainly not a "nation" in the modern sense of the term, but not a terra nullius either. Arabs, Berbers, Jews, janissaries, Christian slaves and Corsairs coexisted there under the Regency regime, established by the Ottoman Empire, which experienced a veritable commercial and maritime golden age in the 18th century. With Jacques Ferrandez, Isabelle Grangaud, M'hamed Oualdi and François Reynaert, debate moderated by Nathalie Funès.