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Man is not born human, he becomes human. This maxim can be considered one of the possible summaries of the thinking of the Russian Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), highlights Edna Martins, coordinator of the pedagogy course at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp). According to her, Vygotsky was one of the first psychologists to emphasize the role of culture, stimulated by the interaction between social partners and mediated by language, in the process of cognition.