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Through various characteristics, terrestrial plants show an ability to adapt to life fixed at the soil/atmosphere interface, in variable environments. Plants develop large exchange surfaces, aerial on the one hand (optimization of exposure to light, source of energy, gas transfers) and underground on the other hand (absorption of water and ions from the soil most often facilitated by symbioses, in particular mycorrhizae). Conductive tissues channel the circulation of matter in the plant, in particular between the places of supply of mineral matter, the places of organic synthesis and the places of storage. The aerial parts of the plant are the places of production of organic matter by photosynthesis. Captured by the chlorophyll pigments at the level of the chloroplast, the light energy is converted into chemical energy by the photolysis of water, with release of O2 and reduction of CO2 leading to the production of glucose and other soluble sugars. These circulate in all the organs of the plant where they are metabolized, thanks to various enzymes, into products ensuring the different biological functions including: the growth and bearing of the plant (cellulose, lignin); the storage of organic matter (sucrose, starch, proteins, lipids) in the form of reserves in different organs, which in particular allows resistance to unfavorable conditions or to ensure reproduction; mutualistic or competitive interactions with other species (anthocyanins, tannins).