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https://www.medicinaeinformazione.com/ / medicinaeinformazione / einformazione ONCOLOGY CHANGES ITS FACE: GENETIC MUTATIONS GUIDE TREATMENT ENTRECTINIB FIRST AGNOSTIC DRUG FOR PATIENTS WITH SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS On October 1, 1990, the Human Genome Project was officially launched, an extremely ambitious program for the technologies of those years, a program that, it was clear from the beginning, would change science forever, so much so that it was declared "World Heritage" and is considered the second greatest scientific undertaking after the Apollo mission that took man to the Moon. After more than 30 years, what then seemed like science fiction is reality, a reality that is forever changing the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, first and foremost cancer. Identifying the genetic mutations responsible for the development of some neoplasms is in fact the most advanced frontier of precision oncology today, which features so-called agnostic drugs, built not on the basis of the affected organ but on the genetic mutation involved. A perfect example of this new paradigm of diagnosis and treatment is entrectinib, a drug resulting from Roche research, recently approved by AIFA for patients with advanced-stage ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer and for patients with solid tumors positive for NTRK fusion regardless of the location of the tumor. A true revolution that is made possible by increasingly refined and precise sequencing methods such as the NGS technique, Next Generation Sequencing, which allows for broad genomic profiling on the basis of which it is possible to choose the most suitable therapy for each individual patient. We talked about the new mutational model and entrectinib with: Prof. Giancarlo Pruneri, National Cancer Institute of Milan Prof. Cremolini, University of Pisa Prof. Maria Rita Migliorino, AO San Camillo Forlanini, Rome Among the questions: what is Next Generation Sequencing and what information does it provide? How important is it to combine therapeutic innovation and diagnostic innovation, especially today with the advent of the mutational model and agnostic drugs? The clinical value of an agnostic drug and in particular of entrectinib for a specific group of patients The results of entrectinib in clinical trials The impact of this innovation on patients with lung cancer with ROS-1 mutation In patients with lung cancer How widespread are genomic profiling tests? After the first results of the new approach with drugs targeted on mutations, Next Generation Sequencing and in general genomic profiling and agnostic drugs, what scenario opens up for the oncology of the future?