Black holes, those enigmatic celestial objects, have for decades aroused a fascination equal to their complexity. Extremely dense and with a gravity so powerful that not even light can escape, they represent one of the most mysterious and extreme manifestations of physics. Although we cannot see them directly, the effects they produce in their environment reveal their presence, opening a window to phenomena that challenge our understanding of the cosmos and the fundamental laws of the universe. The theory of black holes is based on Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, formulated in 1915. At first, Einstein himself did not really believe in the existence of these extreme objects. But the equations of general relativity made it possible to predict the possibility of a colossal mass collapsing under its own weight, creating a gravitational field so intense that nothing, not even light, could escape its clutches. A few years later, the German physicist Karl Schwarzschild proposed the mathematical solution to describe this gravitational collapse, laying the theoretical foundations for what we now call a black hole. A black hole is created when a massive star reaches the end of its life. After millions or even billions of years of nuclear fusion, the star's internal fuel is exhausted, preventing the pressure forces that support the structure from opposing gravity. A rapid collapse follows, which can lead to the creation of a black hole if the residual mass is large enough. During this cataclysmic process, the star implodes, compressing its matter into an infinitesimal space known as a singularity. Around this singularity, the event horizon forms, an invisible border that marks the point of no return. Once this limit is crossed, no information, no particle, and no light wave can escape. There are several types of black holes, depending on their size and origin. Stellar-mass black holes, formed by the collapse of massive stars, are the most common and have masses between three and several tens of times that of the Sun. At the other extreme are supermassive black holes, which can have masses of several billion times that of the Sun. They are typically found at the hearts of galaxies, including the Milky Way known as Sagittarius A*. These giants are surrounded by an accretion disk, a disk of matter heated to extreme temperatures by friction and gravitational attraction. These supermassive black holes are thought to have formed from extremely dense star clusters or to have captured matter gradually, increasing their mass over the eons. The event horizon, the theoretical boundary surrounding every black hole, remains one of the most fascinating concepts in theoretical physics. It represents the point at which the black hole’s gravitational pull becomes so intense that space and time literally collapse. Beyond this point, the fate of all matter and energy is sealed; is inexorably drawn towards the singularity. The very idea of ​​a singularity, where the density and curvature of space-time become infinite, defies our understanding and suggests limits to our ability to comprehend the laws of the universe. According to theory, in a singularity the laws of physics as we know them cease to exist, and space-time is reduced to an elusive and enigmatic entity. Black holes are not only mysterious objects, they actively influence their environment. When a black hole draws in matter from a companion star, intense electromagnetic radiation in the form of X-rays is emitted, a phenomenon that can be observed with X-ray telescopes. These ejections of radiation are so powerful that they can temporarily illuminate an entire region of space, allowing us to identify black holes billions of light-years away. In addition, the absorption of matter by a black hole produces relativistic jets: immense columns of particles expelled at speeds close to the speed of light. These jets, visible thousands of light years away, bear witness to the violence of the processes that drive these invisible giants. 🔥 As a reminder, videos are published on SUNDAYS at 9:00 p.m. This channel is an official affiliate of the ORBINEA STUDIO network.