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Recording of the webinar held on May 20, 2023, aimed at doctors, pharmacists and nurses. Only the contents of the speakers who have given consent for publication are reported. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the many species of microorganisms (not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi) that live in various parts of our body, from the digestive tract to the upper airways, skin and some mucous membranes. It is now clear that this immense microbial population has continuous and profound interactions with our body, not only with regard to diseases of the gastrointestinal system, from irritable bowel syndrome to inflammatory diseases, but also with diseases of very distant organs and systems, up to neurological and mental diseases and dysmetabolic and immune diseases, including the development of tumors. It is therefore essential to identify the microbial populations that create a situation of eubiosis, favoring our health and well-being, and on the contrary those that determine dysbiosis, with multiple possible harmful effects, and to know how it is possible today to modify, at least in part, our intestinal microbiota, to promote health, prevent the onset of chronic diseases and attenuate the effects of aging.