The Capuchins in Brazil Brief History
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Missionaries by inspiration, the French Capuchins, brought by the invading forces of Calvinist Holland, sought to settle in Brazil, first in São Luís do Maranhão (1612) and later in Olinda and Recife (1642). The Dutch were expelled by Portuguese forces, but the Capuchins, approved by the “Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith”, put down roots in Brazil as “Apostolic Missionaries”, until the absolutist Portuguese State, in 1698, expelled them under the pretext of being foreigners and suspected of political treason! In 1705, the Capuchins, now of Italian origin, were summoned by the Emperor of Brazil himself to resume missionary work among the Indians, abandoned to their own fate since the expulsion of the Jesuit Fathers. “The Capuchins were heroic missionaries and loyal servants of the State, loved by the Indians and the simple people of the Interior, where they preached Popular Missions, carried out liberations and even administered parishes. They received a well-deserved title of “Fathers of the Indians”, given by the Indians themselves. (Capuchins in Brazil, 9). With the proclamation of the Republic and the separation of Church and State, Capuchin missionary life gained new momentum. Free from the ties of the State (Church of Patronage), the Capuchin Missionaries were now sent by the Capuchin Order itself, whose Minister General, Friar Bernardo de Andermatt, reorganized missionary activity throughout the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, through the “Statute of Missions” of 1887. By virtue of this Statute, the Capuchin Provinces are responsible for all missionary work, from sending the friars to supporting them. Furthermore, each Capuchin Province should have its own Missionary Front. Capuchin Italy “invades” Brazil, sending missionaries to almost all of its states, starting in 1887. The missionaries were supposed to help organize the local Church (diocesan) and in the effort to establish the Capuchin Order through native vocations. The Italian Capuchin takes on a Brazilian color, including the French Capuchin – Province of Savoy, in France – sent to Rio Grande do Sul to provide spiritual assistance to Italian migrants in the region. Thus were born the Capuchin Provinces and Custodies in Brazil, which left the mark of their Franciscan sandals in the cities and backlands of Brazil, with unusual apostolic courage. Source: ZAGONEL, Frei Carlos Albino. Capuchins in Brazil. Porto Alegre: Conference of Capuchins of Brazil, 2001.
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