The Battle of Gaugamela: The Triumph of Alexander the Great
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SUBSCRIBE TO THE SCRIPTA MANENT NEWSLETTER BY CLICKING ON THE LINK: https://scriptamanentitalia.it/newsle... The Battle of Gaugamela was one of the most important events in ancient history, marking the end of the Persian Empire and the birth of a new world order under the rule of Alexander the Great. This is a brief summary of what happened on that decisive day. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and leader of the Corinthian League, had already defeated the Persians in two previous battles, at Granicus and Issus, but King Darius III had not yet surrendered. Darius gathered a huge army, composed of several conquered nations and peoples, and deployed it on a vast plain near the village of Gaugamela, north of Arbela (now Erbil, Iraq). The Persian army was much larger than the Macedonian one, but also less trained and coordinated. Darius also relied on some war elephants and scythed chariots to break through the enemy lines. Alexander, on the other hand, relied on his tactical skill and his heavy cavalry, formed by the famous Companions. He decided to attack the center of the Persian army, where Darius was, with a pincer maneuver. To do so, he had to move his army to the right, to avoid the enemy wings. This created a gap in the Macedonian left flank, which was attacked by the Persians. Alexander managed to repel the attacks of the scythed chariots with his heavy infantry, the phalangites, and then charged against Darius with his cavalry. The Persian king, seeing the danger, fled the battlefield, leaving his army without a command. Alexander pursued him for a while, but then turned back to relieve his left flank, which was still under pressure. In the end, the Persians were defeated and put to flight. Alexander lost about 1200 men, while the Persians lost over 50,000. The Battle of Gaugamela was the definitive victory of Alexander the Great over the Persian Empire. After this battle, he was able to conquer the main cities of Western Asia, such as Babylon, Susa and Persepolis. Darius III was killed by one of his satraps, Bessus, who proclaimed himself king with the name of Artaxerxes. Alexander captured him and had him executed, putting an end to the Achaemenid dynasty. Alexander continued his march towards the east, until he reached India, where he had to stop due to the resistance of his soldiers. He died in Babylon in 323 BC, without having achieved his dream of uniting Europe and Asia in a single empire. CHAPTERS 0:00 Introduction 01:04 Alexander the Great conquers Persia 05:38 The approach to Babylon 13:10 Gaugamela: the initial disposition 21:25 The battle of Gaugamela begins 26:12 Alexander's disruptive move 32:17 Alexander's triumph, the end of Darius III
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