The adaptive immune response - First SVT Specialty

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Mon Cours De SVT

Published on May 7, 2019
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When a virus infects the human body, viral particles can be found in infected cells, or circulate freely in body fluids. B lymphocytes detect antigens circulating in the blood or other body fluids using their immunoglobulin (B receptor). T lymphocytes detect antigens on the membranes of cells infected by the virus, or on the MHC molecules of antigen-presenting cells using their T receptor. Only B or T lymphocyte clones whose receptor is specific to the antigen come into contact with this antigen and are therefore activated. This is clonal selection. These activated lymphocytes then undergo proliferation (clonal amplification) and then differentiation: CD4 LT differentiate into helper LT, which secrete Interleukin 2, which will activate clonal expansion and differentiation of CD8 LT into cLT and B LT into plasma cells. Antibodies secreted by plasma cells bind to antigens, producing immune complexes. Cytotoxic LTs detect antigens on the membrane of infected cells and destroy them by apoptosis or lysis. Immune complexes and cellular debris from killed cells are destroyed by phagocytic cells (cooperation with innate immunity). When the virus has been completely eliminated, long-lived clones of LB, LTc and LTa persist in the body. These are memory cells that will allow the body to produce a more rapid adaptive immune response in the event of new contact with the antigen. Adaptive defenses associated with innate defenses normally make it possible to eliminate the cause of the triggering of the immune response.

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