Technical: Gearboxes – Transmissions
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One of the most important parts of the drivetrain is the gearbox – gear box or gearbox in Greek. Essentially, it is the mechanism that allowed, initially and until today, cars to move with light and easy-to-fuel Internal Combustion Engines. Engines that have characteristics that do not perfectly match automotive propulsion. Let's see in simple words what the main incompatibility of the two is. A MEK today delivers a maximum torque of around 300 Nm, somewhere at 3,000 rpm. The numbers are indicative and not absolute. What do they mean, though? If we connect an engine directly to a wheel, at the speed of maximum torque the wheel will tend to rotate at 3,000 rpm, in other words at a speed of 565 km/h. if it has a diameter of 50 centimeters. Perfect, someone will say! But not if we consider that this speed requires 300 Nm of torque or, more simply, some 120 kg of force. And only if we consider aerodynamic resistance, friction and any slope of the road, can we conclude that this is impossible! So what do we do? With two gear systems, essentially a small gear that drives a larger one, we multiply the available torque that reaches our wheels. One system is the differential, which we have already talked about on the show Driving and the other is the gearbox, which we will talk about today. The gearbox basically consists of four groups of parts/spare parts: the shell, the gears, the shafts and everything else. The shell is particularly important, since it is called upon to withstand the engine torque and its limit values when changing gears. Without even deforming to the extent that it threatens the alignment of the gears. And therefore the life of the gearbox. In today's gearboxes, installed in the majority of them transversely at the front, the torque enters from the right and also exits from the right. This significantly reduces the fatigue of the housing. On the contrary, in older cars, with the engine in the front and the drive in the rear, the torque entered from the front and exited from the rear. This caused and still causes more intense distortions in the housing, which often breaks. The axles are the ones that transfer the torque from the engine to the gears and from there to the differential and consequently to the wheels. Any failure of them to remain rigid even threatens with destruction the gears that are spaced… micrometers apart. It is a factor that does not allow the repair of a gearbox unless everything is changed!
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