SZTE Free University-XXVII. examiner: Prof.Dr.Zoltán Gyenge–Space and time in philosophy and art
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Everyone believes that space and time belong to the natural sciences. This is true, but philosophy dealt with it much earlier than the sciences. And some of his suggestions (e.g. Kant) even preceded the scientists. Time/and space was and remains one of the most important questions of philosophy. At the same time, Martin Heidegger's remark that time is the "bad conscience of metaphysical systems" is interesting. What does it mean? Or to what extent is the concept of space and time of physics different from that of philosophy or the arts? One thing is certain: in addition to the sciences, behind the representation of time and space in visual arts, there is always the philosophical concept of these two in the background. The presentation aims to provide an overview of the philosophical interpretation of "time", starting from the Greek concept of time (Plato) and comparing it with the focus of metaphysics on the "past". The process of thought is outlined in the most mature form among the great metaphysical thinkers in St. Augustine in the following questions: how does the moment become the atom of time? As well as related questions: what did the creator do before creation? Was there time before the world began? What does simultaneity mean? The presence of these latter issues can be demonstrated in Renaissance painting. The modern conception of time and space can be traced back to Kant, which Hegel and Schelling again put into a new context. However, the radical reinterpretation of time and its connection to existence can be linked to the name of Søren Kierkegaard, since for him the orientation of the "past" (cf. an-amnesia) is replaced by the existence directed towards the "future" (cf. repetition, Gjentagelsen), the latter of which is it is related to the changed representation of modern art. The perspective of space and time is a fundamental issue in Renaissance and Baroque painting, but especially in surrealist painting, the uncertainty of space also brings with it the dissolution of time. We present this process through the works of painters such as Cranach, Tiziano or René Magritte.
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