The new issue of “History Lessons with Tamara Eidelman” opens the “Secrets of the Vatican” series, which will be devoted to the history of the Catholic Church. The first lecture will discuss the origins and formation of the power of the popes, the reasons for their enormous influence, their complex relationships with both the Eastern Church and the secular rulers of the West. BOOKS: 1. John Norwich. History of the Papacy. 2. ER Chamberlin. The Bad Popes. 3. Jan Wierusz Kowalski. Popes and the Papacy. Upcoming performances: * London - March 3 - "The Court of History" - https://billetto.co.uk/e/-tickets-762798 * London - March 5 - "How Propaganda Works" - https://billetto.co.uk/e/-tickets-762865 Support the channel: * FOR FOREIGN CARDS - Support the release of new history lessons on the Patreon platform - / eidelman * FOR RUSSIAN CARDS - Support the release of new history lessons on the Boosty platform - https://boosty.to/eidelman/ * Support the release of new history lessons by becoming a sponsor on YouTube - / @tamaraeidelmanhistory Using cryptocurrency: * BTC: bc1qepf70kndy4ce6yxg6vxh9j98utx690w529fl9s * ETH: 0x0Ebc2cCcD4Fd705CfFC5F25B271871df71c8332B * USDT: 0x8d0B26D5f58e4a1B2Cc702C431CB7B444F9452F6 (ERC20 network) * USDT: TC5eXDPz8TuXPiHLDLbGkmN2rnQkg3Qe5W (TRC20 network) Follow us on social networks, where we regularly publish additional stories: * Follow Tamara Natanovna on Instagram — / tamaraeidelman * Follow our telegram channel — https://t.me/eidelman * Follow our Facebook page — / eidelmantn * Follow Tamara Natanovna’s channel on Yandex Zen — https://zen.yandex.ru/tamaraeidelman 0:00:00 — Introduction. Lecture topic. 0:00:30 — The rise and spread of Christianity. 0:02:19 — The role of Rome in the development of Christianity. The martyrdom of St. Peter in Rome. 0:05:06 — Christianity under Constantine I the Great. Construction of the first St. Peter's Cathedral. 0:08:33 — The fourth century. The strengthening of the power of Constantinople and the weakening of Rome. The division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern. 0:11:54 — Strengthening the power of the Roman Church. The formation of the papacy. The development of the cult of the holy martyrs. 0:16:29 — The fifth century. Pope Leo I the Great. Salvation of Rome from Attila. 0:19:50 — Dependence of the popes on Roman citizens. 0:20:44 — The sixth century is the golden age of Byzantium. Reign of Justinian I. Decline of the papacy. 0:24:41 — Weakening of Byzantium after the death of Justinian I. 0:25:58 — End of the sixth century. Pope Gregory I the Great. Christianization of England. 0:31:23 — Pope Zachariah. Helping Pepin the Short overthrow the Merovingians. 0:34:44 — Eighth century. Cooperation between Charlemagne and the popes. Donation of Constantine. Establishment of the supreme authority of the popes. 0:37:11 — Pope Leo III. Proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor. 0:38:49 — 9th – 10th centuries. Chaos in Rome and numerous popes. The story of Marozia and her sons. 0:45:10 — Lawlessness under Pope John XII. Coronation of Otto I the Great. 0:47:10 — The expulsion of Pope John XII by Otto I the Great. The return and revenge of the Pope. 0:49:08 — The legend of Pope Joan. 0:54:08 — Otto III – the heir to both empires. What did people expect from the year 1000? 0:55:54 — How did the scientist Gerbert of Aurillac become Pope Sylvester II? The legend about the prediction of the death of the Pope. 0:58:54 — The eleventh century. Changes in the Roman Church. Strengthening of papal power. 1:00:58 — Pope Gregory VII and his confrontation with Emperor Henry IV. Excommunication of the emperor from the church. 1:05:47 — XII – XIII centuries. Crusades. Religious upsurge. Enrichment of the papal throne. 1:07:40 — The sumptuous vestments and rituals of the popes. 1:10:05 — The supreme power of the papacy. Conflicts between the English kings and the church. 1:13:01 — How did Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa manage to come to an agreement with the papacy? 1:14:24 — The confrontation between Emperor Frederick II and the papacy. 1:17:55 — The independence of the papacy. 1:21:41 — The emergence of heresy. The fight against heretics. 1:24:24 — The formation of monastic and knightly orders. 1:27:07 — The fall of papal authority. 1:29:24 — The end of the 13th century. The story of Pietro del Morrone, Pope Celestine V. Why did he not want to be Pope? 1:32:03 — Pope Boniface VIII. The imprisonment and death of Pope Celestine V. Images of popes in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. 1:35:43 — The power of Pope Boniface VIII. Conflicts with the Colonna family and the French king Philip IV the Fair. The captivity and death of the pope. 1:40:51 — The move of the Pope to Avignon.