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Science in History General Introduction to Philosophy Prof. Vitor Lima Class 34

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This is Not Philosophy

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Science in History General Introduction to Philosophy Class 34 There are three main conceptions of Science in history, regarding the ideal of objectivity they follow: rationalist, empiricist and constructivist. The rationalist conception takes its model of objectivity from Mathematics. According to this tradition, Science is a rational-deductive and demonstrative knowledge. Starting from definitions, postulates and axioms, it is capable of proving the necessity and universality of its propositions in an indubitable way. Such propositions describe the essential and accidental properties of substances and the causal relationships involved in them. The empiricist conception takes its model of objectivity from Greek Medicine and Natural History of the 17th century. According to this tradition, Science is a rational-inductive and experimental knowledge. Starting from particular empirical observations, it generalizes its conclusions. Such conclusions are about the properties of particular objects that, due to the large number of observations, are extended to the generality of objects of the same type. The constructivist conception takes its model of objectivity from the concept of reason as approximate knowledge, typical of the 20th century onwards. Science is seen here as a construction of approximate explanatory models of reality, rather than an exact representation of reality itself. The basic idea is that knowledge only occurs in an approximate way. Both the rationalist conception and the empiricist conception began in Ancient Greece and lasted until Modernity. However, there is a difference between Ancient Science and Modern Science. ► Summary 00:00 Introduction 02:33 1 Three conceptions of Science 04:14 1.1 Rationalist conception of Science 08:11 1.2 Empiricist conception of Science 11:45 1.3 Constructivist conception of Science 18:19 2. Ancient Science and Modern Science 18:39 2.1 Aristotle's Physics 31:58 2.2 Galileo and Newton's Physics 36:42 3. Classification of sciences 47:08 Summary ► Complete Course Playlist: https://tinyurl.com/e4b5uktc ► Important Links: • Join the INÉF Club: https://www.istonaoefilosofia.com/clu... • Instagram: https://tinyurl.com/inefinstagram • Telegram: https://tinyurl.com/ineftelegram ► Bibliography used: CHAUI, Marilena. Invitation to Philosophy. 12th ed. 5th imp. CHAUI, Marilena. Invitation to Philosophy. 12th ed. 5th imp. CHAUI, Marilena. Theories of Truth. Class 14. General Introduction to Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2021. ROCHA, José Fernando (org.). Origins and evolution of the ideas of Physics [electronic book]. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2011.

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