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By extending his theory of the "exit from religion", Marcel Gauchet proposes a reflection on contemporary Western societies which, for him, are part of a movement leading to the end of religion. According to him, the process is becoming more pronounced in Western countries and in particular in France, with the measurable collapse of religious practices, the decline in affiliations and the decline in vocations. He also emphasizes that this evolution is accompanied by the disappearance of major secular ideologies such as communism and the weakening of secularism "which has gradually become a fact without principle". This major transformation of the relations between society and the State results in a dissociation and places us in an unprecedented situation. Secularism has certainly led to an exit from a situation of control of the Catholic Church over political power and civil society. But it too is now weakened. The end of a logic of confrontations between the republican State and the Catholic Church seems to have made it lose part of its creativity and vitality. It is therefore within the framework of this overall change that a redefinition of secularism must be included, a historical principle currently shaken by the construction of Europe and the evolution of history. Faced with the triumph of individualism, secularism is now particularly linked to the preservation of the neutrality of the democratic space. What can the government of men by themselves mean when they are for good emancipated from the influence of the gods?