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RADIOACTIVITY - REVIEW - THEORY AND EXERCISES Radioactivity is a natural or induced phenomenon in which unstable atomic nuclei emit particle radiation and/or electromagnetic energy. In ENEM, the main topics related to radioactivity include: Atomic structure: It is necessary to have a basic understanding of the structure of the atom, including the notion of an atomic nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, and the electrons orbiting around it. Types of radiation: ENEM addresses the main types of radiation emitted during radioactivity, which are alpha particles (α), beta particles (β) and electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays). It is important to understand the characteristics and interaction of these radiations with matter. Nuclear equations and nuclear reactions: Nuclear equations are used to describe the transformations of atomic nuclei during nuclear reactions, including the emission of radiation. The main nuclear reactions addressed in ENEM include radioactive decay, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Applications of radioactivity: The ENEM may present questions related to the applications of radioactivity in medicine (such as radiotherapy and nuclear medicine), in industry (for example, in the generation of energy in nuclear power plants) and in the dating of archaeological materials (through the carbon-14 dating technique). In addition, the ENEM may also address issues related to the safety and risks of exposure to radioactivity, including radiation protection and the proper disposal of radioactive materials.