A passenger plane failed to land in South Korea and burst into flames, resulting in a major disaster with 179 deaths. What was the reason for the widespread damage? ■The control tower warned the passenger plane that there was a flock of birds, but... On December 29th, an accident occurred when a passenger plane operated by Jeju Air, a South Korean airliner, was landing at Muang Airport in the south of Thailand from Bangkok. Of the 181 passengers and crew, 179 people died. The passenger plane skidded along the runway, making a loud noise, and crashed into a wall without its wheels extending, barely able to slow down. The aircraft was engulfed in flames and smoke. A photo of the aircraft just before the accident shows that its wheels were extended and it was in normal landing position. But why did it end up in a belly landing? South Korean authorities point out the following as the cause. A South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism official said, "The control tower warned the passenger plane (before landing) that there was a flock of birds." A flock of birds appeared near the runway. In order to try again, the plane retracted the wheels that had been extended and was ascending again. In the video, which appears to show the plane ascending to try again, flames suddenly appear to erupt from the right engine. Experts say... ■Engine trouble? Aviation commentator Hiroyuki Kobayashi: "It's possible that the bird was sucked in. The engine may have been destroyed. At least one of the engines must have been operating normally (up to this point). Otherwise, the plane would not have been able to ascend (by trying again to land)." It is believed that the bird was sucked in immediately after the plane tried to try again, causing engine trouble. However, even if one engine stops, as long as the other is functioning, the plane can land almost normally. However, when a passenger plane turns 180 degrees, it attempts a belly landing from the opposite side of the runway without the wheels extending. Normally, when trying to try again, the plane turns 360 degrees and enters the runway from the same direction. Even if the wheels do not extend, there are things that need to be done before a belly landing, so why did they immediately decide to make a dangerous belly landing this time? ■ "An extremely imminent emergency" What was behind the belly landing? Aviation commentator Kobayashi Hiroyuki said, "It appears that both engines nearly shut down immediately after the landing was retried. If the landing gear (wheels, etc.) won't extend, one would normally try to lower the wheels while rotating in the air, or, since it's better to use less fuel when making a belly landing, one would normally burn fuel while rotating, but the fact that they landed immediately without doing that indicates an extremely imminent emergency." It is possible that both engines sucked in the bird and shut down. When all the engines stop, the hydraulic system-operated devices cannot be used. The wheels cannot be extended automatically, and it is said that devices such as flaps and slats, which are used to slow down and continue flying before landing, cannot be operated. Aviation commentator Hiroyuki Kobayashi: "You can see that the flaps and slats are not extended. Since they are not extended, I think the landing speed was about 300 km/h. As for the flight control system or landing (equipment), nothing can be done without hydraulics." Normally, the plane lands at about 200 km/h, but this time it is believed to have landed at about 300 km/h. The deceleration mechanism did not work properly and the plane continued to slide down the runway. In 2009, there was an accident in New York called the "Miracle on the Hudson." In this case, too, both engines stopped after colliding with a flock of birds, but all passengers and crew were saved by making an emergency landing on the river. However, this time, the plane's desperate attempt to land on its belly was met with a concrete wall. This was installed as the foundation for the passenger plane's guidance system, and it was a factor in expanding the damage. Couldn't they have taken measures to reduce the risk? ■Structures placed on runways are "normally made to be easily broken" Caster Takako Zenba: We will summarize what we can think at this point about what happened to the passenger plane. Announcer Nakanishi Yuri: Regarding the cause of this catastrophic accident, former pilot and aviation commentator Kobayashi Hiroyuki points out that "it is possible that both engines stopped." When all engines stop, the hydraulic system also stops functioning. A hydraulic system is a system that uses the power of the engines to control machines that require power. If this system becomes unavailable, the wheels cannot be extended or retracted, and the wing devices used for landing cannot be operated. This time, the spoilers on the wings could not be activated, and it is believed that the plane crashed through the runway with almost no ability to slow down. It is also believed that the cause of the engine stoppage was a "bird strike" that sucked in a flock of birds. The day before the accident, a photo of a flock of birds was taken near Muang Airport, where the accident occurred. According to Korean media, Muang Airport had the highest probability of bird strikes among the 14 regional airports in Korea because of the migratory bird habitat nearby, but the countermeasures were insufficient. And the biggest factor in the spread of damage is said to be the existence of a "wall"... 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