???? Get to know our publishing house: https://radionaukowe.pl/wydawnictwo ???? Convenient book shopping: https://wydawnictwoRN.pl. Use the discount code for audiobooks: sluchamRN ???? Become a Patron: https://patronite.pl/radionaukowe ???? Support once: https://suppi.pl/radionaukowe ???? Listen on streaming: https://ffm.bio/radionaukowe ???? Subscribe: / @radionaukowe ???? Website: https://radionaukowe.pl ???? Facebook: / radionaukowe ???? Instagram: / radionaukowe ❌ Twitter: / radionaukowe ???? Visit LAMU: / @letniaakademiamlodychumyslow ???? See more: • Radio Naukowe recommends ???? Contact: [email protected] They can be very far from us (from six hundred million to even thirteen billion light-years away) and shine with enormous brightness, even 10 thousand times greater than our entire galaxy. Many astronomy fans already know what I'm talking about. Quasars. I'm talking about them with Prof. Szymon Kozłowski from the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw and the channel @WGabinecieAstronoma. Prof. Kozłowski is a member of the OGLE team. Quasars are a type of so-called active galaxies. They are formed when matter falls onto a black hole inside the galaxy. Due to the non-zero angular momentum, some of the matter does not fall into the black hole, but begins to orbit faster and faster, creating an accretion disk. The exceptionally bright light comes from the energy of friction between successive layers of matter on the disk. This is a quasar. Quasars were initially taken for stars. No wonder, it was hard to assume that such bright objects could be so distant. Meanwhile, today quasars allow us to learn more about the history of the Universe. Scientists have determined thanks to them that 13 billion years ago the laws of physics were the same as they are today. - And perhaps the most important thing that quasars have proven is that the Universe initially consisted of neutral hydrogen, and then went through the phase we are in now. The phase of ionized hydrogen - points out Prof. Kozłowski. Interestingly, one can be a quasar. There is also a supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way. Did the matter orbiting it once dazzle with its brilliance? - We definitely had an accretion disk, and our galaxy must have once looked like a quasar - convinces Prof. Kozłowski. Quasars hold several mysteries. We still do not know exactly how matter falls onto a black hole or where the irregular variability of quasar brightness comes from. There are some that shine brighter than it would result from the known limitations of physics. Astronomers also have specific hopes for them: they could be used to more precisely measure distances in the Universe, which is still a problem on large scales. This would be a mechanism similar to using supernovae as standard candles. We also talk about the professor's passion for meteorites (you can find some from Mars), how to distinguish quasars from other objects, whether it's good for an astronomer when a quasar turns its jet at us (not really) and whether the view of the sky full of stars can become mundane for an astronomer. Check out Prof. Kozłowski: ???? / @wgabinecieastronoma WE RECOMMEND OTHER MATERIALS: • Scientific Radio - All episodes • Physics • Biology • Astronomy • Psychology • Animals • Religion • History • History of life • Geography • Technology • Human • Culture • Medicine • Archaeology 00:00 - 01:18 Introduction 01:18 - 7:48 What are quasars and why do they shine? 7:48 - 14:45 How long do quasars live and how are they formed? Was the Milky Way a quasar? 14:45 - 20:34 Evolution of the Universe Recorded in Quasars - Have the Laws of Physics Always Been the Same? 20:34 - 27:02 History of the Discovery of Quasars 27:02 - 33:52 Research on Radio-Active Quasars 33:52 - 41:28 What Is an Astronomer's Job? 41:28 - 47:27 Meteorites 47:27 - 51:39 What Else Don't We Know About Quasars? 51:39 - 56:08 Quasars as Standard Candles ???? Radio Naukowe - Turn on the Knowledge! ???? #RadioNaukowe #KarolinaGłowacka #SzymonKozłowski