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NEW KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MICROBIOTA GUIDES DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Since the 1990s, a complex and mysterious organ has been studied, the microbiota, that set of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms that inhabit our body and on which our health depends. In fact, it has been understood that the composition of the microbiota, in particular the intestinal microbiota, has a strong link with numerous pathologies, with the response to certain drugs, for example immunotherapy against cancer, and with the activation of an inflammatory state that can affect the onset of pathologies not related to the gastrointestinal system such as autism or depression. The most recent studies have led to further new knowledge that is changing the paradigms of diagnosis and treatment of numerous pathologies and conditions, and frontiers such as microbiota transplantation or the mapping of this invisible but precious organ are increasingly entering clinical practice. To learn about the latest evidence and how medicine is changing thanks to the study of the microbiota, we met with Prof. Antonio Gasbarrini, Full Professor of Internal Medicine at the Catholic University and Director of CEMAD, the center for digestive system diseases of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS and one of the world's leading experts in the study of the microbiota, who was the first in Italy to understand the value of this real organ.