???? Get to know our publishing house: https://radionaukowe.pl/wydawnictwo ???? Convenient book shopping: https://wydawnictwoRN.pl ???? Become a Patron: https://patronite.pl/radionaukowe ???? Support once: https://suppi.pl/radionaukowe ???? Listen on streaming: https://ffm.bio/radionaukowe ???? Subscribe: / @radionaukowe ???? Website: https://radionaukowe.pl ???? Facebook: / radionaukowe ???? Instagram: / radionaukowe ❌ Twitter: / radionaukowe ???? Visit LAMU: / @letniaakademiamlodychumyslow ???? See more: • Radio Naukowe recommends ???? Contact: [email protected] Poland's demographics are not optimistic. The country's population is falling, society is aging - and at the same time, this is no surprise to demographers, because the signals predicting this situation were visible decades ago. But can anything be done with this knowledge to remedy the negative trends? In this episode, I talk to Prof. Piotr Szukalski, a demographer from the Institute of Sociology at the University of Lodz. In the context of Polish demographic problems, depopulation is most often mentioned, i.e. depopulation on a national scale. However, the geographical distribution of the phenomenon is equally important. In the past, rural areas near industrial centers, even relatively small ones, were depopulated. Then there was an outflow of people from rural areas located far from at least medium-sized cities, then from cities losing their role as industrial centers, as well as from former provincial capitals. Of course, the largest cities benefit from this, e.g. the demographic prospects of Warsaw and Krakow look promising. Along with the people, revenues flow to the budgets of smaller municipalities (local government is mainly supported by income taxes), and the infrastructure must still be maintained and the remaining residents must be taken care of. The process fuels further problems that make it difficult to have children: it is difficult to find a couple. According to data, women are more likely to leave smaller towns. For this reason, the Polish countryside suffers from a shortage of women. Conversely, in large cities: for every 100 men of working age, there are up to 120 women. But that is not the end of it: "The problem is not the decline in population itself, but above all the change in the age structure," explains the demographer. In Poland, the group of so-called second old age or seniors, i.e. people over 80 years of age, will grow very quickly. It is predicted that in a dozen or so years their number will increase by as much as 82%. This is, of course, an increase in the demand for medical care and nursing services. The shortage in these sectors will be helped by an appropriate migration policy. But here too, the matter is - as usual - complex. In the episode we also talk about the phenomena of the first and second demographic transition, whether there is determinism in demography, which countries we can follow in order to stop the decline in the fertility rate (France and Scandinavia are doing quite well with this), and why Łódź is a great place for demographers. By the way, I recommend the thematically related episode 211 of RN about ZUS and pensions. The episode was created during the 13th journey of Radio Naukowe, this time we visited Łódź. WE RECOMMEND OTHER MATERIALS: • Radio Naukowe - All episodes • Physics • Biology • Astronomy • Psychology • Animals • Religion • History • History of life • Geography • Technology • Human • Culture • Medicine 00:00 Introduction 01:35 Demographic statistics - Is Poland becoming depopulated? 09:38 Demographic challenges 12:12 Why aren't more children born in the East? 16:16 Why are fewer children born? 28:03 Is demography just statistics? Demographic phases 34:57 Reversal of demographic trends 40:48 Family-friendly policy in Poland 49:48 Uneven population numbers 1:02:13 Migration catchments 1:06:56 Aging society 1:14:11 Migration policy and demography 1:20:07 How to prepare for depopulation? 1:23:54 Conclusion ???? Radio Naukowe - turn on knowledge! ???? #RadioNaukowe #KarolinaGłowacka